November 2012
Beginner
534 pages
17h 2m
English
We follow [279] for this development. Define an M × N complex matrix as

where (Xij)1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤N are (a number of MN) i.i.d. complex Gaussian variables
. x1, x2, …, xN are columns of X. The covariance matrix R is
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The empirical covariance matrix is defined as

In practice, we are interested in the behavior of the empirical distribution of the eigenvalues of
for large M and N. For example, how do the histograms of the eigenvalues (λi)i=1, …, M of
behave when M and N increase? It is well known that when M is fixed, but N increases, that is,
is small, the large law of large numbers requires

In other words, ...
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