Qin Zhang and Paul L. Witt
7Instructor Immediacy
Abstract: One of the most closely examined constructs in the instructional communication research area, instructor immediacy consists of both verbal and nonverbal expressions that elicit perceptions of interpersonal closeness between communicators. When employed during instruction, immediacy cues enhance the teacher-student relationship by communicating affiliation, liking, and interpersonal connection, which in turn are associated with student learning, motivation, and satisfaction with the teacher and course. In this chapter we survey various theoretical explanations for how and why immediacy works, and we review the essential findings of immediacy research, with an emphasis on specific associations ...
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