2 Cybernetics The Rise of a Systems Science to Control Complexity
Computers, Biology, and Society
Just after World War II, around the same time as Ludwig von Bertalanffy left the ashes of Austria and started to promote his idea in the English-speaking world of a general systems approach to science, the American mathematician Norbert Wiener, who was from a very different place and background, had a book published that was eventually to become very influential in ‘systems science’ (Wiener, 1948). Wiener introduced the term cybernetics to a world where researchers and industrial and military leaders were looking enthusiastically for new ideas in the landscape between technology, the natural sciences, and ...
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