Consumer Protection in E-Retailing in ASEAN

CHAPTER 3

The Current E-Consumer Protection Framework

Introduction

Currently, the issues associated with e-consumer protection have been addressed by a mixture of regulatory and nonregulatory measures at the national, regional, and international levels. Regulatory measures for e-consumer protection include “hard law,” namely legislation/acts and regulations; and “soft law,” such as principles and guidelines that have been enacted by multilevel governments (World Economic Forum 2019). Such acts and regulations are mandatory and e-retailers must comply with them, and countries are encouraged to comply with international “soft law.” Nonregulatory measures for e-consumer protection include codes of practice and guidelines from industry and consumer ...