Chapter 1
Introdu ction to A rtificial
Inte llige n c e
In 1990, I (Richard Neapolitan) was relatively new to the field of Artificial
Intelligence (AI). At the 6th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelli-
gence, which was held at MIT, I met Eugene Charniak, who at the time was
a well-known researcher in AI. During a conversation while strolling along the
campus, I said, “I heard that the Japanese are applying fuzzy logic to AI.”
Gene responded “I don’t believe the Japanese have been any more successful
at AI than us.” This comment substantiated that which I had already begun
to realize, namely that AI seemed to be a dismal failure.
Dr. Charniak’s
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