Most of these examples use the R workhorse, ggplot2. The ggplot2 package has had many spin-offs and is a gold mine of logically structured visualizations. The following sections are a smorgasbord of visualizations from ggplot2 and other packages. ggplot2 gets loaded automatically with the library(tidyverse) command.
Although it is good to learn the details of ggplot and other visualization packages, keep in mind that there is a point of diminishing returns when tweaking slight variations in text, annotations, shapes, and so on. It is ...