Appendix BCognitive Biases
A
Actor-Observer Bias
This cognitive bias make us assume other people act the way they do because of their personality and not because of their situation. Do people steal food because they are immoral or because they are hungry? The real answer may vary; the bias is to assume the first.
When it comes to ourselves, the bias is reversed. We excuse our own behavior by citing our circumstances. Fight this bias in judging other people by focusing extra attention on their circumstances. Fight this bias in yourself by being aware of your own ethical choices.
Ambiguity Aversion Effect
Daniel Ellsberg, best known for releasing the Pentagon Papers in 1971, is also known for the 1962 discovery of the Ellsberg paradox, in which ...
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