book

Cyber-Physical Systems

Name: Cyber-Physical Systems
ISBN: 9780133416169

by Raj Rajkumar, Dionisio de Niz, Mark Klein

December 2016

Intermediate to advanced

416 pages

11h 44m

English

Addison-Wesley Professional

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About This E-Book
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
Contents
Introduction
Emergence of CPSCPS DriversApplicationsTheoretical FoundationsTarget Audience
Part I: Cyber-Physical System Application Domains
Chapter 1. Medical Cyber-Physical Systems
1.1 Introduction and Motivation1.2 System Description and Operational Scenarios1.2.1 Virtual Medical Devices1.2.2 Clinical Scenarios1.3 Key Design Drivers and Quality Attributes1.3.1 Trends1.3.2 Quality Attributes and Challenges of the MCPS Domain1.3.3 High-Confidence Development of MCPS1.3.4 On-Demand Medical Devices and Assured Safety1.3.5 Smart Alarms and Clinical Decision Support Systems1.3.6 Closed-Loop System1.3.7 Assurance Cases1.4 Practitioners’ Implications1.4.1 MCPS Developer Perspective1.4.2 MCPS Administrator Perspective1.4.3 MCPS User Perspective1.4.4 Patient Perspective1.4.5 MCPS Regulatory Perspective1.5 Summary and Open ChallengesReferences
Chapter 2. Energy Cyber-Physical Systems
2.1 Introduction and Motivation2.2 System Description and Operational Scenarios2.3 Key Design Drivers and Quality Attributes2.3.1 Key Systems Principles2.3.2 Architecture 1 Performance Objectives2.3.3 A Possible Way Forward2.4 Cyber Paradigm for Sustainable SEES2.4.1 Physics-Based Composition of CPS for an SEES2.4.2 DyMonDS-Based Standards for CPS of an SEES2.4.3 Interaction Variable–Based Automated Modeling and Control2.5 Practitioners’ Implications2.5.1 IT-Enabled Evolution of Performance Objectives2.5.2 Distributed Optimization2.6 Summary and Open ChallengesReferences
Chapter 3. Cyber-Physical Systems Built on Wireless Sensor Networks
3.1 Introduction and Motivation3.2 System Description and Operational Scenarios3.2.1 Medium Access Control3.2.2 Routing3.2.3 Node Localization3.2.4 Clock Synchronization3.2.5 Power Management3.3 Key Design Drivers and Quality Attributes3.3.1 Physically Aware3.3.2 Real-Time Aware3.3.3 Runtime Validation Aware3.3.4 Security Aware3.4 Practitioners’ Implications3.5 Summary and Open ChallengesReferences

Part II: Foundations
Chapter 4. Symbolic Synthesis for Cyber-Physical Systems
4.1 Introduction and Motivation4.2 Basic Techniques4.2.1 Preliminaries4.2.2 Problem Definition4.2.2.2 Linear Temporal Logic4.2.3 Solving the Synthesis Problem4.2.4 Construction of Symbolic Models4.2.4.1 Stability Assumptions4.3 Advanced Techniques4.3.1 Construction of Symbolic Models4.3.2 Continuous-Time Controllers4.3.3 Software Tools4.4 Summary and Open ChallengesReferences
Chapter 5. Software and Platform Issues in Feedback Control Systems
5.1 Introduction and Motivation5.2 Basic Techniques5.2.1 Controller Timing5.2.2 Control Design for Resource Efficiency5.3 Advanced Techniques5.3.1 Reducing the Computation Time5.3.2 Less Frequent Sampling5.3.3 Event-Based Control5.3.4 Controller Software Structures5.3.5 Sharing of Computing Resources5.3.6 Analysis and Simulation of Feedback Control Systems5.4 Summary and Open ChallengesReferences
Chapter 6. Logical Correctness for Hybrid Systems
6.1 Introduction and Motivation6.2 Basic Techniques6.2.1 Discrete Verification6.3 Advanced Techniques6.3.1 Real-Time Verification6.3.2 Hybrid Verification6.4 Summary and Open ChallengesReferences
Chapter 7. Security of Cyber-Physical Systems
7.1 Introduction and Motivation7.2 Basic Techniques7.2.1 Cyber Security Requirements7.2.2 Attack Model7.2.3 Countermeasures7.3 Advanced Techniques7.3.1 System Theoretic Approaches7.4 Summary and Open ChallengesReferences
Chapter 8. Synchronization in Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems
8.1 Introduction and Motivation8.1.1 Challenges in Cyber-Physical Systems8.1.2 A Complexity-Reducing Technique for Synchronization8.2 Basic Techniques8.2.1 Formal Software Engineering8.2.2 Distributed Consensus Algorithms8.2.3 Synchronous Lockstep Executions8.2.4 Time-Triggered Architecture8.2.5 Related Technology8.3 Advanced Techniques8.3.1 Physically Asynchronous, Logically Synchronous Systems8.4 Summary and Open ChallengesReferences
Chapter 9. Real-Time Scheduling for Cyber-Physical Systems
9.1 Introduction and Motivation9.2 Basic Techniques9.2.1 Scheduling with Fixed Timing Parameters9.2.2 Memory Effects9.3 Advanced Techniques9.3.1 Multiprocessor/Multicore Scheduling9.3.2 Accommodating Variability and Uncertainty9.3.3 Managing Other Resources9.3.4 Rhythmic Tasks Scheduling9.4 Summary and Open ChallengesReferences
Chapter 10. Model Integration in Cyber-Physical Systems
10.1 Introduction and Motivation10.2 Basic Techniques10.2.1 Causality10.2.2 Semantic Domains for Time10.2.3 Interaction Models for Computational Processes10.2.4 Semantics of CPS DSMLs10.3 Advanced Techniques10.3.1 ForSpec10.3.2 The Syntax of CyPhyML10.3.3 Formalization of Semantics10.3.4 Formalization of Language Integration10.4 Summary and Open ChallengesReferences
About the Authors
About the Contributing Authors
Index
Code Snippets

Content preview from Cyber-Physical Systems

Chapter 8. Synchronization in Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems

Abdullah Al-Nayeem, Lui Sha, and Cheolgi Kim

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are commonly implemented as networked real-time systems consisting of a network of sensors, actuators, and their controllers. Many of the information processing functions in these systems require consistent views and actions in real time. Guaranteeing consistency in these distributed computations in hard real time is challenging. In this chapter, we discuss the challenges and solutions for the synchronization of these distributed computations.

8.1 Introduction and Motivation

Compared with networked components on a chip, the main source of difficulties in distributed systems is the asynchronous interactions ...

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Cyber-Physical Systems

by Raj Rajkumar, Dionisio de Niz, Mark Klein