CONTENTS

Preface

Acknowledgments

1. Fundamental Wide Area Networking Concepts

1.1 Communications System Components

1.2 Line Connections

Dedicated line

Leased line

Switched line

Cost trends

Factors to consider

1.3 Types of Services and Transmission Devices

Digital repeaters

Unipolar and bipolar signaling

Other digital signaling methods

Modems

Signal conversion

Acoustic couplers

Signal conversion

Analog facilities

DDD

WATS

FX

Leased lines

Digital facilities

Digital signaling

Unipolar non-return to zero

Unipolar return to zero

Bipolar return to zero

Evolution of service offerings

AT&T offerings

European offerings

DSUs

1.4 Transmission Mode

Simplex transmission

Half-duplex transmission

Full-duplex transmission

Terminal and mainframe computer operations

Different character displays

1.5 Transmission Techniques

Asynchronous transmission

Synchronous transmission

1.6 Types of Transmission

1.7 Line Structure

Types of line structure

Point-to-point

Multipoint

1.8 Line Discipline

1.9 Network Topology

1.10 Transmission Rate

Analog service

Digital service

1.11 Transmission Codes

Morse code

Baudot code

BCD code

EBCDIC code

ASCII code

Extended ASCII

Code conversion

1.12 Error Detection and Correction

Asynchronous transmission

Parity checking

Block checking

Synchronous transmission

Cyclic codes

1.13 Standards Organizations, Activities and the OSI Reference Model

National standards organizations

ANSI

EIA

FIPS

IEEE

BSI

CSA

International standards organizations

ITU

ISO

De facto standards

AT&T compatibility ...

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