Data Science from Scratch, 2nd Edition

Chapter 1. Introduction

“Data! Data! Data!” he cried impatiently. “I can’t make bricks without clay.”

Arthur Conan Doyle

The Ascendance of Data

We live in a world that’s drowning in data. Websites track every user’s every click. Your smartphone is building up a record of your location and speed every second of every day. “Quantified selfers” wear pedometers-on-steroids that are always recording their heart rates, movement habits, diet, and sleep patterns. Smart cars collect driving habits, smart homes collect living habits, and smart marketers collect purchasing habits. The internet itself represents a huge graph of knowledge that contains (among other things) an enormous cross-referenced encyclopedia; domain-specific databases about movies, music, sports results, pinball machines, memes, and cocktails; and too many government statistics (some of them nearly true!) from too many governments to wrap your head around.

Buried in these data are answers to countless questions that no one’s ever thought to ask. In this book, we’ll learn how to find them.

What Is Data Science?

There’s a joke that says a data scientist is someone who knows more statistics than a computer scientist and more computer science than a statistician. (I didn’t say it was a good joke.) In fact, some data scientists are—for all practical purposes—statisticians, while others are fairly indistinguishable from software engineers. Some are machine learning experts, while others couldn’t machine-learn their way ...