Lattice Defects and Diffusion in Nanomaterials
Abstract
The diffusion rate in nanomaterials is influenced strongly by the type and densities of lattice defects. Generally, dislocations and grain boundaries are paths for fast diffusion; however, the actual atomic arrangement around these defects also influences the diffusion along them. In this chapter, the most important models, formulas, and methods for the evaluation of diffusion along grain boundaries and dislocations are overviewed. The effect of solute segregation and misorientation on grain boundary self-diffusion is revealed. It was found that the larger the free volume and the energy of grain boundaries, the faster the grain boundary diffusion. In ultrafine-grained metallic materials ...
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