When to PrototypeYou have an IdeaBuy-in from OthersInformation Architecture to Visualize, Present, and TestA Lengthy User Journey or Several Changes of State over TimeA Pool of Available UsersCommunicate and Test Designs across DevicesLots of Ideas–or No Ideas–for Solving a ProblemMore Time Spent Communicating than DevelopingSpecific Aspects of a Design Are Performing PoorlyPlanningWhat are you aiming to achieve?What will you test and demonstrate?Where will you place the boundaries?How will you use your prototype?Who will work on your prototype, and how?How much time, budget, and resources do you have?What’s the starting point for your prototype?Gather ResourcesExisting Design ResourcesStationery (for paper prototyping)ContentDataGet On With It!Starting Top-down versus Bottom-upRecycling Your MaterialWorking CollaborativelyIterate and Demo, Testing Early and OftenSummary