8.4. Data synchronization between Pthreads
Synchronization is a programming method that allows multiple Pthreads to coordinate their data accesses, therefore avoiding the situation where one Pthread can change a piece of data at the same time another one is reading or writing the same piece of data. This situation is commonly called a race condition.
Consider, for example, a single counter, X, that is incremented by two Pthreads, A and B. If X is originally 1, then by the time Pthreads A and B increment the counter, X should be 3. Both Pthreads are independent entities and have no synchronization between them. If both Pthreads are executed concurrently on two CPUs, or if the scheduling makes the Pthreads alternatively execute on each instruction, ...
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