Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning

Chapter 2

Microemulsions for Cleaning Applications

Lirio Quintero,    Baker Hughes, Houston, TX, USA

Norman F. Carnahan,    Carnahan Corporation, Houston, TX, USA

Chapter Outline

1. Introduction

2. Types of Microemulsions, Formulations and Properties

2.1. Formulations

2.1.1. Selection of Surfactant

2.1.2. Effect of Salinity

2.1.3. Effect of Cosurfactant

2.1.4. Effect of Linkers

2.1.5. Type of Oil or Solvent

2.1.6. Temperature Effect

2.2. Properties of Microemulsions

2.2.1. Solubilization

2.2.2. Interfacial Tension

2.2.3. Contact Angle and Wettability

3. Basic Process and Principles of Cleaning Surfaces

4. Surface Cleaning and Contaminant Removal with Microemulsions

5. Design of Microemulsion Cleaners and Evaluation Techniques

6. Microemulsion ...