Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning

Chapter 5

Cleanliness Verification on Large Surfaces

Instilling Confidence in Contact Angle Techniques

Darren L. Williams and Trisha M. O’Bryon,    Sam Houston State University, Department of Chemistry, Huntsville, TX, USA

Chapter Outline

1. Background

1.1. Scope

1.2. Surface Cleanliness and Surface Energy

2. Description of the Method

2.1. Traditional and Newly Digitized Contact Angle Methods

2.1.1. Side-on Methods (Half-angle, Drop Shape Analysis, and Snake)

2.1.2. A Newly Digitized Top–Down Method (Bikerman)

2.1.3. Reflected-Angle Methods (Langmuir)

2.2. Suggested SRO in the Literature or in Industry

2.3. SRO Materials

3. Advantages and Disadvantages

3.1. Personnel Training

3.2. Method Comparisons

4. Results

4.1. Examples of Imaging Choices ...