Digital Speech: Coding for Low Bit Rate Communication Systems, 2nd Edition

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

1 Introduction

2 Coding Strategies and Standards

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Speech Coding Techniques

2.2.1 Parametric Coders

2.2.2 Waveform-approximating Coders

2.2.3 Hybrid Coding of Speech

2.3 Algorithm Objectives and Requirements

2.3.1 Quality and Capacity

2.3.2 Coding Delay

2.3.3 Channel and Background Noise Robustness

2.3.4 Complexity and Cost

2.3.5 Tandem Connection and Transcoding

2.3.6 Voiceband Data Handling

2.4 Standard Speech Coders

2.4.1 ITU-T Speech Coding Standard

2.4.2 European Digital Cellular Telephony Standards

2.4.3 North American Digital Cellular Telephony Standards

2.4.4 Secure Communication Telephony

2.4.5 Satellite Telephony

2.4.6 Selection of a Speech Coder

2.5 Summary

Bibliography

3 Sampling and Quantization

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Sampling

3.3 Scalar Quantization

3.3.1 Quantization Error

3.3.2 Uniform Quantizer

3.3.3 Optimum Quantizer

3.3.4 Logarithmic Quantizer

3.3.5 Adaptive Quantizer

3.3.6 Differential Quantizer

3.4 Vector Quantization

3.4.1 Distortion Measures

3.4.2 Codebook Design

3.4.3 Codebook Types

3.4.4 Training, Testing and Codebook Robustness

3.5 Summary

Bibliography

4 Speech Signal Analysis and Modelling

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Short-Time Spectral Analysis

4.2.1 Role of Windows

4.3 Linear Predictive Modelling of Speech Signals

4.3.1 Source Filter Model of Speech Production

4.3.2 Solutions to LPC Analysis

4.3.3 Practical Implementation of the LPC Analysis

4.4 Pitch Prediction

4.4.1 Periodicity in Speech Signals

4.4.2 Pitch ...