Disorder and Public Concern Around Globalization

2The Constraints of Innovation

Innovation comprising globalization not only but also ecological transition, which is one of its dimensions, should not prevent us from considering the permanent features of structural changes, which are, in the nature of capitalist market economies, organized on an industrial basis. Roundabout methods of production are more than ever necessary for growth and development¹. The phenomena of creative destruction remain at the heart of change. They require the establishment of coordination means that are nothing but powers in the hands of organizations and institutions, whose exercise conditions are determinant of the ability of economies to take advantage of opportunities arising from market expansion and exploitation of new technologies, in fact to control time constraints that stick to the irreversibility of decisions made with reference to a future inevitably and radically uncertain.

2.1. A truly industrial world

It is not the invisible hand of the market that ensures resource allocation and its creation, but the visible hand of organizations², which is part of the division of labor. This has a double face: once achieved, it ensures maximum use of existing productive resources, but it in itself induces the search for new technologies and markets and the involvement of new productive processes that systematically challenge it.

The advantage of the division of labor is that, by specializing tasks and assigning specific factors to them, it increases ...