Continued reduction of minimum feature size and the advancements in the fabrication processes were the main reasons for the DRAM density enhancement. As soon as multi-megabit DRAM appeared on the horizon, it opened completely new application areas for the DRAMs. The use of megabit DRAMs in portable equipment, which required low-voltage operation, such that they could operate on battery for longer duration, became highly desirable. At one point in time, a 5 V supply was standard but was not suitable for long-term battery-based operation. In the low-voltage operating range a 1.5 V DRAM given by M. Aoki and others [1] was one of the first such DRAMs. It also reduced power consumption as bit line swing ...
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