Chapter 1

Makings of an Organization

From earliest history, humans have gathered in groups—which could be considered early forms of organizations—for protection, mutual support, and sharing expertise in accomplishing complex tasks. In the earliest days, clan organization was common because, as a species, humans learned from pack animals that hunting and protection of one’s kin were both more effective in groups. The clan was usually headed by a leader who coordinated the activities of the members in hunting, fishing, salt mining, gathering, cooking, healing, spiritual needs, and protection, among other areas specific to survival. As prosperity led to a surplus of goods, and as adjacent clans learned of the excess productivity, trade developed, ...

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