CHAPTER OUTLINE

  • Redundancy Principle 1: Do Not Add On-Screen Text to Narrated Graphics
  • Psychological Reasons for the Redundancy Principle
  • Evidence for Omitting Redundant On-Screen Text
  • Redundancy Principle 2: Consider Adding On-Screen Text to Narration in Special Situations
  • Psychological Reasons for Exceptions to Redundancy Principle
  • Evidence for Including Redundant On-Screen Text

Chapter 7

Applying the Redundancy Principle

EXPLAIN VISUALS WITH WORDS IN AUDIO OR TEXT: NOT BOTH

WHAT’S NEW IN THIS CHAPTER

SOME e-LEARNING DESCRIBES graphics using words in both on-screen text and audio narration in which the audio repeats the text. We call this technique redundant on-screen text because the printed text (the on-screen text) is redundant with the ...

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