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Integration of distributed renewable energy systems into the smart grid

Ghanim Putrus
Edward Bentley    Electrical Power Engineering at Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Abstract

About 30% of all primary energy resources worldwide are used to generate electrical energy. Since the invention of the electric incandescent light bulb in 1879, the growth of electric power systems progressed at an exponential rate, particularly after the development of AC (alternating current) power generation and the transformer. Transforming AC power from one voltage level to much higher levels meant that losses and voltage drops in the supply lines could be kept at acceptable values. The contribution of different renewable energy sources ...

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