Chapter 7
Complex Numbers
John Bird
7.1 Introduction
A complex number is of the form (a+jb) where a is a real number and jb is an imaginary number. Therefore, (1+j2) and (5 –j7) are examples of complex numbers.
By definition, 
and j2=–1
(Note: In electrical engineering, the letter j is used to represent 
instead of the letter i, as commonly used in pure mathematics, because i is reserved for current.)
Complex numbers are widely used in the analysis of series, parallel and series-parallel electrical networks supplied by alternating voltages, in deriving ...
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