17

Underground System Fault Locating

James D. Medek

CONTENTS

17.1    Introduction

17.2    Conduit and Manhole Systems

17.2.1    Murray Loop Bridge

17.3    Underground Residential Distribution

17.4    Methods of Locating Failures

17.4.1    Cable Locating

17.4.2    Cut and Try

17.4.3    Radar or Time Domain Reflectometry

17.4.4    Capacitor Discharge (Thumper) Set

17.4.5    Earth Gradient

17.4.6    Capacitance Measurements

17.4.7    Instruments Infrequently Used in North America

17.5    Faulted Circuit Indicators

References

17.1  INTRODUCTION

Underground systems originally established for concentrated areas such as cities or towns consisted of cable installed in conduit systems and terminated in manholes. The manholes provided a space to join ...

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