CHAPTER 7

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

7.1 INTRODUCTION

In general, the electromagnetic wave (EM wave) is a carrier of energy or information and a function of both space and time. The existence of EM waves was predicted by Maxwell, and it was formulated through his well-known Maxwell’s equations. Later, Heinrich Hertz proved experimentally that Maxwell’s prediction of EM wave was true and also succeeded in the generation and detection of radio waves.

The study of wave behaviour is the major concern and it begins with the derivation of wave equations. The EM wave propagation in different mediums can be best understood by applying Maxwell’s equations. The wave parameters such as wavelength and velocity, the medium parameters such as propagation constant ...

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