book

Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, 5th Edition

by H. Scott Fogler

January 2016

Intermediate to advanced

992 pages

30h 31m

English

Pearson

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A. Who Is the Intended Audience?B. What Are the Goals of This Book?B.1 To Have Fun Learning Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE)B.2 To Develop a Fundamental Understanding of Reaction EngineeringB.3. To Enhance Thinking SkillsC. What Is the Structure of CRE?C.1 What Are the Concepts that Form the Foundation of CRE?C.2 What Is the Sequence of Topics in which This Book Can Be Used?D. What Are the Components of the CRE Web Site?D.1 Expanded MaterialD.2 Learning ResourcesD.3 Professional Reference ShelfE. Why Do We Assign Homework Problems?F. What Is a Living Example Problem (LEP)?G. What Software Is Available to Solve the LEPs?H. Are There Other Web Site Resources?I. How Can Critical Thinking and Creative Thinking Skills Be Enhanced?I.1. Enhance Critical Thinking SkillsI.2 Enhance Creative Thinking SkillsJ. What’s New in This Edition?J.1 PedagogyJ.2 ContentK. How Do I Say Thank You?
1.1 The Rate of Reaction, –rA1.2 The General Mole Balance Equation1.3 Batch Reactors (BRs)1.4 Continuous-Flow Reactors1.4.1 Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)1.4.2 Tubular Reactor1.4.3 Packed-Bed Reactor (PBR)1.5 Industrial ReactorsSummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
2.1 Definition of Conversion2.2 Batch Reactor Design Equations2.3 Design Equations for Flow Reactors2.3.1 CSTR (Also Known as a Backmix Reactor or a Vat)2.3.2 Tubular Flow Reactor (PFR)2.3.3 Packed-Bed Reactor (PBR)2.4 Sizing Continuous-Flow Reactors2.5 Reactors in Series2.5.1 CSTRs in Series2.5.2 PFRs in Series2.5.3 Combinations of CSTRs and PFRs in Series2.5.4 Comparing the CSTR and PFR Reactor Volumes and Reactor Sequencing2.6 Some Further Definitions2.6.1 Space Time2.6.2 Space VelocitySummarySummaryCRE Web SiteQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading

3.1 Basic Definitions3.1.1 Relative Rates of Reaction3.2 The Reaction Order and the Rate Law3.2.1 Power Law Models and Elementary Rate Laws3.2.2 Nonelementary Rate Laws3.2.3 Reversible Reactions3.3 Rates and the Reaction Rate Constant3.3.1 The Rate Constant k3.3.2 The Arrhenius Plot3.4 Present Status of Our Approach to Reactor Sizing and DesignSummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
4.1 Batch Systems4.1.1 Batch Concentrations for the Generic Reaction, Equation (2-2)4.2 Flow Systems4.2.1 Equations for Concentrations in Flow Systems4.2.2 Liquid-Phase Concentrations4.2.3 Gas-Phase Concentrations4.3 Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium ConversionSummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
5.1 Design Structure for Isothermal Reactors5.2 Batch Reactors (BRs)5.2.1 Batch Reaction Times5.3 Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs)5.3.1 A Single CSTR5.3.2 CSTRs in Series5.4 Tubular Reactors5.5 Pressure Drop in Reactors5.5.1 Pressure Drop and the Rate Law5.5.2 Flow Through a Packed Bed5.5.3 Pressure Drop in Pipes5.5.4 Analytical Solution for Reaction with Pressure Drop5.5.5 Robert the Worrier Wonders: What If...5.6 Synthesizing the Design of a Chemical PlantSummaryODE Solver AlgorithmCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
6.1 The Molar Flow Rate Balance Algorithm6.2 Mole Balances on CSTRs, PFRs, PBRs, and Batch Reactors6.2.1 Liquid Phase6.2.2 Gas Phase6.3 Application of the PFR Molar Flow Rate Algorithm to a Microreactor6.4 Membrane Reactors6.5 Unsteady-State Operation of Stirred Reactors6.6 Semibatch Reactors6.6.1 Motivation for Using a Semibatch Reactor6.6.2 Semibatch Reactor Mole BalancesSummaryODE Solver AlgorithmCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
7.1 The Algorithm for Data Analysis7.2 Determining the Reaction Order for Each of Two Reactants Using the Method of Excess7.3 Integral Method7.4 Differential Method of Analysis7.4.1 Graphical Differentiation Method7.4.2 Numerical Method7.4.3 Finding the Rate-Law Parameters7.5 Nonlinear Regression7.6 Reaction-Rate Data from Differential Reactors7.7 Experimental PlanningSummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
8.1 Definitions8.1.1 Types of Reactions8.1.2 Selectivity8.1.3 Yield8.2 Algorithm for Multiple Reactions8.2.1 Modifications to the Chapter 6 CRE Algorithm for Multiple Reactions8.3 Parallel Reactions8.3.1 Selectivity8.3.2 Maximizing the Desired Product for One Reactant8.3.3 Reactor Selection and Operating Conditions8.4 Reactions in Series8.5 Complex Reactions8.5.1 Complex Gas-Phase Reactions in a PBR8.5.2 Complex Liquid-Phase Reactions in a CSTR8.5.3 Complex Liquid-Phase Reactions in a Semibatch Reactor8.6 Membrane Reactors to Improve Selectivity in Multiple Reactions8.7 Sorting It All Out8.8 The Fun PartSummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
9.1 Active Intermediates and Nonelementary Rate Laws9.1.1 Pseudo-Steady-State Hypothesis (PSSH)9.1.2 Why Is the Rate Law First Order?9.1.3 Searching for a Mechanism9.1.4 Chain Reactions9.2 Enzymatic Reaction Fundamentals9.2.1 Enzyme–Substrate Complex9.2.2 Mechanisms9.2.3 Michaelis–Menten Equation9.2.4 Batch-Reactor Calculations for Enzyme Reactions9.3 Inhibition of Enzyme Reactions9.3.1 Competitive Inhibition9.3.2 Uncompetitive Inhibition9.3.3 Noncompetitive Inhibition (Mixed Inhibition)9.3.4 Substrate Inhibition9.4 Bioreactors and BiosynthesisCell Growth and Division9.4.1 Cell Growth9.4.2 Rate Laws9.4.3 Stoichiometry9.4.4 Mass Balances9.4.5 Chemostats9.4.6 CSTR Bioreactor Operation9.4.7 Wash-OutSummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsProblemsSupplementary ReadingWebText
10.1 Catalysts10.1.1 Definitions10.1.2 Catalyst Properties10.1.3 Catalytic Gas-Solid Interactions10.1.4 Classification of Catalysts10.2 Steps in a Catalytic Reaction10.2.1 Step 1 Overview: Diffusion from the Bulk to the External Surface of the Catalyst10.2.2 Step 2 Overview: Internal Diffusion10.2.3 Adsorption Isotherms10.2.4 Surface Reaction10.2.5 Desorption10.2.6 The Rate-Limiting Step10.3 Synthesizing a Rate Law, Mechanism, and Rate-Limiting Step10.3.1 Is the Adsorption of Cumene Rate-Limiting?10.3.2 Is the Surface Reaction Rate-Limiting?10.3.3 Is the Desorption of Benzene Rate-Limiting?10.3.4 Summary of the Cumene Decomposition10.3.5 Reforming Catalysts10.3.6 Rate Laws Derived from the Pseudo-Steady-State Hypothesis (PSSH)10.3.7 Temperature Dependence of the Rate Law10.4 Heterogeneous Data Analysis for Reactor Design10.4.1 Deducing a Rate Law from the Experimental Data10.4.2 Finding a Mechanism Consistent with Experimental Observations10.4.3 Evaluation of the Rate-Law Parameters10.4.4 Reactor Design10.5 Reaction Engineering in Microelectronic Fabrication10.5.1 Overview10.5.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition10.6 Model Discrimination10.7 Catalyst Deactivation10.7.1 Types of Catalyst Deactivation10.7.2 Reactors That Can Be Used to Help Offset Catalyst Decay10.7.3 Temperature–Time Trajectories10.7.4 Moving-Bed Reactors10.7.5 Straight-Through Transport Reactors (STTR)SummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
11.1 Rationale11.2 The Energy Balance11.2.1 First Law of Thermodynamics11.2.2 Evaluating the Work Term11.2.3 Overview of Energy Balances11.3 The User-Friendly Energy Balance Equations11.3.1 Dissecting the Steady-State Molar Flow Rates to Obtain the Heat of Reaction11.3.2 Dissecting the Enthalpies11.3.3 Relating ΔHRx (T), , and ΔCP11.4 Adiabatic Operation11.4.1 Adiabatic Energy Balance11.4.2 Adiabatic Tubular Reactor11.5 Adiabatic Equilibrium Conversion11.5.1 Equilibrium Conversion11.6 Reactor Staging11.6.1 Reactor Staging with Interstage Cooling or Heating11.6.2 Exothermic Reactions11.6.3 Endothermic Reactions11.7 Optimum Feed TemperatureSummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
12.1 Steady-State Tubular Reactor with Heat Exchange12.1.1 Deriving the Energy Balance for a PFR12.1.2 Applying the Algorithm to Flow Reactors with Heat Exchange12.2 Balance on the Heat-Transfer Fluid12.2.1 Co-current Flow12.2.2 Countercurrent Flow12.3 Algorithm for PFR/PBR Design with Heat Effects12.3.1 Applying the Algorithm to an Exothermic Reaction12.3.2 Applying the Algorithm to an Endothermic Reaction12.4 CSTR with Heat EffectsThe Term in the CSTR12.4.1 Heat Added to the Reactor, 12.5 Multiple Steady States (MSS)12.5.1 Heat-Removed Term, R(T)12.5.2 Heat-Generated Term, G(T)12.5.3 Ignition-Extinction Curve12.6 Nonisothermal Multiple Chemical Reactions12.6.1 Energy Balance for Multiple Reactions in Plug-Flow Reactors12.6.2 Parallel Reactions in a PFR12.6.3 Energy Balance for Multiple Reactions in a CSTR12.6.4 Series Reactions in a CSTR12.6.5 Complex Reactions in a PFR12.7 Radial and Axial Variations in a Tubular Reactor12.7.1 Molar Flux12.7.2 Energy Flux12.7.3 Energy Balance12.8 SafetySummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
13.1 The Unsteady-State Energy Balance13.2 Energy Balance on Batch Reactors (BRs)13.2.1 Adiabatic Operation of a Batch Reactor13.2.2 Case History of a Batch Reactor with Interrupted Isothermal Operation Causing a Runaway Reaction13.3 Semibatch Reactors with a Heat Exchanger13.4 Unsteady Operation of a CSTR13.4.1 Startup13.5 Nonisothermal Multiple ReactionsSummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
14.1 Diffusion FundamentalsWhere are we going ??:†14.1.1 Definitions14.1.2 Molar Flux14.1.3 Fick’s First Law14.2 Binary Diffusion14.2.1 Evaluating the Molar Flux14.2.2 Diffusion and Convective Transport14.2.3 Boundary Conditions14.2.4 Temperature and Pressure Dependence of DAB14.2.5 Steps in Modeling Diffusion to a Reacting Surface14.2.6 Modeling Diffusion with Chemical Reaction14.3 Diffusion Through a Stagnant Film14.4 The Mass Transfer Coefficient14.4.1 Correlations for the Mass Transfer Coefficient14.4.2 Mass Transfer to a Single Particle14.4.3 Mass Transfer–Limited Reactions in Packed Beds14.4.4 Robert the Worrier14.5 What If . . . ? (Parameter Sensitivity)SummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsJournal Critique ProblemsSupplementary Reading
15.1 Diffusion and Reactions in Homogeneous Systems15.2 Diffusion and Reactions in Spherical Catalyst Pellets15.2.1 Effective Diffusivity15.2.2 Derivation of the Differential Equation Describing Diffusion and Reaction in a Single Catalyst Pellet15.2.3 Writing the Diffusion with the Catalytic Reaction Equation in Dimensionless Form15.2.4 Solution to the Differential Equation for a First-Order Reaction15.3 The Internal Effectiveness Factor15.3.1 Isothermal First-Order Catalytic Reactions15.3.2 Effectiveness Factors with Volume Change with Reaction15.3.3 Internal Diffusion Limited Reactions Other Than First Order15.3.4 Weisz–Prater Criterion for Internal Diffusion Limitations15.4 Falsified Kinetics15.5 Overall Effectiveness Factor15.6 Estimation of Diffusion- and Reaction-Limited Regimes15.6.1 Mears Criterion for External Diffusion Limitations15.7 Mass Transfer and Reaction in a Packed Bed15.8 Determination of Limiting Situations from Reaction-Rate Data15.9 Multiphase Reactors in the Professional Reference Shelf15.9.1 Slurry Reactors15.9.2 Trickle Bed Reactors15.10 Fluidized Bed Reactors15.11 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)SummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsJournal Critique ProblemsSupplementary Reading
16.1 General Considerations16.1.1 Residence Time Distribution (RTD) Function16.2 Measurement of the RTD16.2.1 Pulse Input Experiment16.2.2 Step Tracer Experiment16.3 Characteristics of the RTD16.3.1 Integral Relationships16.3.2 Mean Residence Time16.3.3 Other Moments of the RTD16.3.4 Normalized RTD Function, E(Θ)16.3.5 Internal-Age Distribution, I(α)16.4 RTD in Ideal Reactors16.4.1 RTDs in Batch and Plug-Flow Reactors16.4.2 Single-CSTR RTD16.4.3 Laminar-Flow Reactor (LFR)16.5 PFR/CSTR Series RTD16.6 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting16.6.1 General Comments16.6.2 Simple Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Using the RTD for Ideal ReactorsSummarySummarySummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
17.1 Modeling Nonideal Reactors Using the RTD17.1.1 Modeling and Mixing Overview17.1.2 Mixing17.2 Zero-Adjustable-Parameter Models17.2.1 Segregation Model17.2.2 Maximum Mixedness Model17.3 Using Software PackagesMaximum Mixedness Model17.3.1 Comparing Segregation and Maximum Mixedness Predictions17.4 RTD and Multiple Reactions17.4.1 Segregation Model17.4.2 Maximum MixednessSummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and ProblemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
18.1 Some Guidelines for Developing Models18.1.1 One-Parameter Models18.1.2 Two-Parameter Models18.2 The Tanks-in-Series (T-I-S) One-Parameter Model18.2.1 Developing the E-Curve for the T-I-S Model18.2.2 Calculating Conversion for the T-I-S Model18.2.3 Tanks-in-Series versus Segregation for a First-Order Reaction18.3 Dispersion One-Parameter Model18.4 Flow, Reaction, and Dispersion18.4.1 Balance Equations18.4.2 Boundary Conditions18.4.3 Finding Da and the Peclet Number18.4.4 Dispersion in a Tubular Reactor with Laminar Flow18.4.5 Correlations for Da18.4.6 Experimental Determination of Da18.5 Tanks-in-Series Model versus Dispersion Model18.6 Numerical Solutions to Flows with Dispersion and Reaction18.7 Two-Parameter Models—Modeling Real Reactors with Combinations of Ideal Reactors18.7.1 Real CSTR Modeled Using Bypassing and Dead Space18.7.2 Real CSTR Modeled as Two CSTRs with Interchange18.8 Use of Software Packages to Determine the Model Parameters18.9 Other Models of Nonideal Reactors Using CSTRs and PFRs18.10 Applications to Pharmacokinetic ModelingSummaryCRE Web Site MaterialsQuestions and problemsQuestionsProblemsSupplementary Reading
A.1 Useful Integrals in Reactor DesignA.2 Equal-Area Graphical DifferentiationA.3 Solutions to Differential EquationsA.3.A First-Order Ordinary Differential EquationsA.3.B Coupled Differential EquationsA.3.C Second-Order Ordinary Differential EquationsA.4 Numerical Evaluation of IntegralsA.5 Semilog GraphsA.6 Software Packages
D.1 PolymathD.1.A About PolymathD.1.B Polymath TutorialsD.2 MATLABD.3 AspenD.4 COMSOL Multiphysics
SubscriptsGreek Symbols
G.1 Design of Reaction Engineering ExperimentG.2 Effective Lubricant DesignG.3 Peach Bottom Nuclear ReactorG.4 Underground Wet OxidationG.5 Hydrodesulfurization Reactor DesignG.6 Continuous BioprocessingG.7 Methanol SynthesisG.8 Cajun Seafood GumboG.9 Alcohol MetabolismG.10 Methanol PoisoningG.11 Safety
H.1 Computational Chemical Engineering
I.1 CRE Web Resources ComponentsI.2 How the Web Can Help Your Learning StyleI.2.1 Global vs. Sequential LearnersI.2.2 Active vs. Reflective LearnersI.2.3 Sensing vs. Intuitive LearnersI.2.4 Visual vs. Verbal LearnersI.3 Navigation

Overview

The Definitive, Fully Updated Guide to Solving Real-World Chemical Reaction Engineering Problems

For decades, H. Scott Fogler’s Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering has been the world’s dominant text for courses in chemical reaction engineering. Now, Fogler has created a new, completely updated fifth edition of his internationally respected book. The result is a refined book that contains new examples and problems, as well as an updated companion Web site. More than ever, Fogler has successfully integrated text, visuals, and computer simulations to help both undergraduate and graduate students master all of the field’s fundamentals. As always, he links theory to practice through many relevant examples, ranging from standard isothermal and non-isothermal reactor design to applications, such as solar energy, blood clotting, and drug delivery, and computer chip manufacturing.

To promote the transfer of key skills to real-life settings, Fogler presents the following three styles of problems:

Straightforward problems that reinforce the principles of chemical reaction engineering
Living Example Problems (LEPs) that allow students to rapidly explore the issues and look for optimal solutions
Open-ended problems that encourage students to practice creative problem-solving skills

About the Web Site

The companion Web site offers extensive enrichment opportunities and additional content, including

Complete PowerPoint slides for lecture notes for chemical reaction engineering classes.
Links to additional software, including POLYMATH™, Matlab™, Wolfram Mathematica™, AspenTech™, and COMSOL™.
Interactive learning resources linked to each chapter, including Learning Objectives, Summary Notes, Web Modules, Interactive Computer Games, Solved Problems, FAQs, additional homework problems, and links to Learncheme.
Living Example Problems that provide more than eighty interactive simulations, allowing students to explore the examples and ask “what-if” questions. The LEPs are unique to this book.
Professional Reference Shelf, which includes advanced content on reactors, weighted least squares, experimental planning, laboratory reactors, pharmacokinetics, wire gauze reactors, trickle bed reactors, fluidized bed reactors, CVD boat reactors, detailed explanations of key derivations, and more.
Problem-solving strategies and insights on creative and critical thinking.