book

Embedded C Programming

by Mark Siegesmund

September 2014

Beginner to intermediate

424 pages

10h 4m

English

Newnes

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AbstractC Source CodeCommentsProgram StructureC Preprocessor DirectivesFunctionsDeclarationsStatements and ExpressionsTimeTyping AccuracyText FormattingCompatibility NotesSummary
AbstractBits, Bytes, Etc.Syntax of C ConstantsTri-Graph SequencesCompatibility NotesDesign DocumentationSummary
AbstractStandard Preprocessor DirectivesNonstandard PragmasSummary
AbstractData TypesDeclaring VariablesDesign DocumentationRAMSummary
AbstractMathematical OperatorsCompatibility NotesOperator PrecedenceExpression Type and Type ConversionRelational OperatorsBinary Bitwise OperatorsCompatibility NotesAssignment OperatorsIncrement/Decrement OperatorsOther OperatorsSequence PointsExpression ExamplesSummary

AbstractStatement DefinitionsSide EffectsNesting, Indentation, and Use of BracesDesign DocumentationProgram ComplexitySummary
Abstractmain() FUNCTIONFunction DefinitionsFunction ParametersAdvanced FeaturesReturn ValuesInline FunctionsNested FunctionsRecursive FunctionsA Little More on Sequence PointsWell-Structured ProgramsDesign DocumentationImplementation DetailsSummary
AbstractArray InitializersConstant ArraysString VariablesDimensionless ArraysMultidimensional ArraysIndex RangeExample Array UsageLookup TablesSearching ArraysSorting ArraysSummary
Abstract:Structure Nesting and ArraysStructure Layout in MemoryBit FieldsUnionsExample of Structures in a ProgramSummary
AbstractMemoryAddress-of OperatorIndirection OperatorForcing a Variable AddressPointer TypesPointer MathBack to SubscriptsBack to Function ParametersBack to StructuresFunction PointersOther Uses for PointersBad IdeasCommon MistakesROM PointersUser-Defined MemoryCompatibility NoteOver the HillSummary
AbstractMathMemoryDynamic MemoryA Few More Cool FunctionsVariable Argument ListText Input/OutputImplementation ConstantsCompatibility NotesBit and Byte ManipulationNon-volatile MemoryWatchdog TimerDelaysMultiple Clock SpeedsA Few More Standard FunctionsComing UpSummary
AbstractString Copy and LengthString SearchString CompareString ManipulationString Input and OutputString Conversion to/from NumbersCharacter ManipulationUnicodeConstant String ManagementSummary
AbstractArgumentsMacro NamesConcatenation OperatorStringize OperatorVariadic Macro SyntaxFunction-Like Macros vs. Inline FunctionsReadabilityAdvanced ExampleDebugging Macro ProblemsSummary
AbstractBasic DirectivesRelational ExpressionsSpecial MacrosSpecial DefinesGlobal DefinesStrange ErrorsExamples of Conditional CompilationSummary
AbstractPIC® ArchitectureMinimal Hardware ConnectionsDevice ProgrammingHex FilesPower-Up ConsiderationsClock ConfigurationsDebuggingBootloadingSummary
AbstractInput VoltagesDrive CurrentDriving More CurrentOpen Collector OutputsDirectionButton InputPull-UpsDebounceFilteringMemory-Mapping PortsSummary
AbstractSimple Interrupt ExampleWhere Does the Time Go?Debounce RevisitedIt’s Not Always a Good Time to InterruptWhy Do We Need Interrupts?What is Really HappeningHandle Your Interrupts RightMultiple Interrupt ConsiderationsLatencyReentrancyCompatibility NotesSummary
AbstractTimer ComponentsPIC® SpecificsC CodeDelay Using TimerPrecision LoopInterruptsVirtual TimersSummary
AbstractPWMUsing the PWM LibraryCaptureCompareCompatibility NotesSummary
AbstractDigital to Analog ConversionAnalog to Digital ConversionComparatorVoltage DetectCompatibility NotesSummary
AbstractSerial Peripheral InterfaceI2CSummary
AbstractRS-232Source CodeUARTIncoming Data InterruptsOutgoing Data InterruptsModem Control SignalsHardware Flow ControlSoftware Flow ControlProtocolRS-232 FutureRS-422RS-485DocumentationSummary
AbstractPreemptive SchedulingDispatcher SchedulingDeterministic SchedulingSemaphoresMessage Passingawait()Task ManagementSummary
AbstractAssembly Code with C CodeInline Assembly CodePIC16/PIC Simple Move InstructionsAccessing C Variables from AssemblyPIC16/PIC18 Math InstructionsPIC16/PIC18 Bit InstructionsPIC16/18 Branch InstructionsPIC16/18 Literal InstructionsCompiler Modifications to the AssemblySFR AccessAbout the FSRWhat Not To DoOptimized AssemblyPIC24 InstructionsdsPIC® InstructionsSummary
AbstractOverviewICSPICSP JacksBreakpointsViewing MemorySteppingPower DebuggingMonitorData StreamingReal-Time IssuesUse of a ScopeDiagnostic InterfaceRecord/PlaybackProfile ToolProfiling CodeDesign VerificationSummary

Content preview from Embedded C Programming

Chapter 5

Expressions and Operators

Abstract

This chapter covers in detail the C mathematical, relational, bitwise, assignment, increment, decrement, and some special operators. Details with examples of all the C operators are presented.

The expression makeup of operators and operands is shown, along with the use of binary, unary, and ternary operators. The reader will learn about operator precedence and evaluation direction, right to left and left to right.

Expression types are explained along with type conversion. Both the automatic conversion known as the usual arithmetic conversion and manual conversion known as type casting are explained. A brief introduction to sequence points is also included in this chapter.

Examples and exercises ...