Chapter 6

Introducing the Microcontroller

6.1  A Computer on a Chip

A microcontroller is a type of microprocessor furnished in a single integrated circuit and needing a minimum of support components. Its name is sometimes abbreviated µC or MCU. It is in fact a small computer that contains a processing element, memory, and peripherals for input and output operations. The principal feature of microcontrollers are self-sufficiency and low cost. It is not intended to be used as a computing device in the conventional sense; that is, a microcontroller is not designed to be a data processing machine, but rather an intelligent core for a specialized dedicated system.

Microcontrollers are embedded in many control, monitoring, and processing systems. All ...

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