book

Energy Harvesting Autonomous Sensor Systems

Name: Energy Harvesting Autonomous Sensor Systems
Author: Yen Kheng Tan
ISBN: 9781351832564

by Yen Kheng Tan

December 2017

Intermediate to advanced

254 pages

7h 19m

English

CRC Press

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Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
1. Introduction
1.1 Motivation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)1.1.1 Architecture of WSNs1.1.2 Applications of WSNs1.1.3 Wireless Sensor Nodes of WSNs1.2 Problems in Powering Wireless Sensor Nodes1.2.1 High Power Consumption of Sensor Nodes1.2.2 Limitation of Energy Sources for Sensor Nodes1.3 Energy Harvesting Solution for Wireless Sensor Nodes1.3.1 Overview of Energy Harvesting1.3.2 Energy Harvesting System1.3.3 Review of Past Works on Energy Harvesting Systems1.3.3.1 Solar Energy Harvesting System1.3.3.2 Thermal Energy Harvesting System1.3.3.3 Vibration Energy Harvesting System1.3.3.4 Wind Energy Harvesting System1.4 Contribution of This Book1.5 Organization of the Book1.6 Summary
2. Wind Energy Harvesting System
2.1 Direct Wind Energy Harvesting (WEH) Approach Using a Wind Turbine Generator2.1.1 Wind Turbine Generators2.1.2 Design of an Efficient Power Management Circuit2.1.2.1 Active AC-DC Converter2.1.2.2 Boost Converter with Resistor Emulation-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)2.1.2.3 Energy Storage2.1.2.4 Wireless Sensor Nodes2.1.3 Experimental Results2.1.3.1 Performance of WEH System with an MPPT Scheme2.1.3.2 Power Conversion Efficiency of the WEH System2.1.4 Summary2.2 Indirect WEH Approach Using Piezoelectric Material2.2.1 Vibration-Based Piezoelectric Wind Energy Harvester2.2.1.1 Aerodynamic Theory2.2.1.2 Cantilever Beam Theory2.2.1.3 Piezoelectric Theory2.2.2 Characteristics and Performances of a Piezoelectric Wind Energy Harvester2.2.3 Power Processing Units2.2.4 Experimental Results2.2.5 Summary
3. Thermal Energy Harvesting System
3.1 Thermal Energy Harvester3.1.1 Description of a Thermoelectric Generator3.1.2 Analysis of the Thermal Energy Harvester3.1.2.1 Thermal Analysis3.1.2.2 Electrical Analysis3.1.3 Characterisation of a Thermal Energy Harvester3.2 Resistor Emulation-Based Maximum Power Point Tracker3.3 Implementation of an Optimal Thermal Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Node3.3.1 Buck Converter with Resistor Emulation-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking3.3.2 Energy Storage3.3.3 Regulating a Buck Converter and Wireless Sensor Node3.4 Experimental Results3.5 Summary
4. Vibration Energy Harvesting System
4.1 Impact-Based Vibration Energy Harvesting (VEH) Using a Piezoelectric Push-Button Igniter4.1.1 Piezoelectric Push Button4.1.2 Energy Storage and the Power Processing Unit4.1.3 Experimental Results4.1.4 Summary4.2 Impact-Based VEH Using Prestressed Piezoelectric Diaphragm Material4.2.1 Description of Prestressed Piezoelectric Diaphragm Material4.2.2 Characteristics and Performance of THUNDER Lead-Zirconate-Titanate Unimorph4.2.3 Power Management Circuit4.2.4 Experimental Results4.2.5 Summary

5. Hybrid Energy Harvesting System
5.1 Solar Energy Harvesting (SEH) System5.2 Composite Solar, Wind (S+W) Energy Sources5.2.1 Wind Energy Harvesting Subsystem5.2.2 SEH Subsystem5.2.2.1 Characterisation of a Solar Panel5.2.2.2 Boost Converter with Constant-Volage-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)5.2.2.3 Performance of SEH Subsystem5.2.3 Hybrid Solar and Wind Energy Harvesting System5.2.4 Experimental Results5.2.4.1 Performance of the Hybrid Energy Harvesting (HEH) System5.2.4.2 Power Conversion Efficiency of the HEH System5.2.5 Summary5.3 Composite Solar, Thermal (S+T) Energy Sources5.3.1 Overview of Indoor Energy Sources5.3.2 Indoor SEH Subsystem5.3.3 Thermal Energy Harvesting Subsystem5.3.4 HEH from Solar and Thermal Energy Sources5.3.4.1 Characteristics of a Solar Panel and Thermal Energy Harvester Connected in Parallel5.3.4.2 Design and Implementation of an Ultralow-Power Management Circuit5.3.5 Experimental Results5.3.5.1 Performance of a Parallel HEH Configuration5.3.5.2 Power Conversion Efficiency of the HEH System5.3.5.3 Performance of the Designed HEH System for an Indoor Wireless Sensor Node5.3.6 Summary
6. Electrical Power Transfer with “No Wires”
6.1 Inductively Coupled Power Transfer from Power Lines6.1.1 Magnetic Energy Harvester6.1.1.1 Performance of the Magnetic Energy Harvester6.1.2 Power Management Circuit6.1.3 Experimental Results6.1.4 Summary6.2 Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances6.2.1 Concept Principles of WPT with Magnetic Resonance6.2.2 Simulation Results6.2.2.1 Simulation of Efficiency versus Frequency6.2.2.2 Simulation of Efficiency versus Coil Radius6.2.2.3 Simulation of Efficiency versus Number of Turns6.2.2.4 Simulation of Efficiency versus Distance6.2.3 Characteristics of the WPT System6.2.3.1 Experimental Efficiency versus Frequency6.2.3.2 Experimental Efficiency versus Distance6.2.3.3 Experimental Efficiency versus Load6.2.4 Experimental Results6.2.4.1 WPT System Powering Electrical Load(s)6.2.4.2 Network of WPT Resonator Coils6.2.5 Summary
7. Conclusions and Future Works
7.1 Conclusions7.2 Future Research Works
References
Index

Content preview from Energy Harvesting Autonomous Sensor Systems

Thermal Energy Harvesting System

Thermal energy harvesting (TEH) is the process of converting thermal energy to electrical energy by using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) made of thermocouples. Thermoelectric power generators have been successfully developed for decades for kilowatt-scale power generation by using waste heat from industrial processes such as vehicle exhaust, space travel, and so on [84]. Such systems involve heat flows at the kilowatt scale and a temperature of hundreds of degrees Centigrade. However, small-scale TEGs [85–86] for obtaining power on the order of milliwatts or lower from ambient thermal energy sources with small temperature differences have only recently been researched [37]. The challenges with utilizing ...

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Energy Harvesting with Functional Materials and Microsystems

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Energy Harvesting Autonomous Sensor Systems

by Yen Kheng Tan

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