Energy Harvesting Autonomous Sensor Systems

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Vibration Energy Harvesting System

Many environments, such as highways, railways, and so on, are subjected to ambient vibration energy that is not commonly used. To use these ambient vibrations as a power source, many researchers have successfully built and tested three basic methods for generating electrical energy from this vibration energy source: electromagnetic induction [48], electrostatic generation [97], and piezoelectric materials [98]. While each of these techniques can provide a useful amount of energy, piezoelectric materials have received the most attention due to their ability to directly convert applied strain energy into usable electric energy and the ease at which they can be integrated into a system [98]. Unlike the electrostatic ...