Energy Storage Technologies in Grid Modernization

2A Comprehensive Review of the Li-Ion Batteries Fast-Charging Protocols

Talal Mouais¹ and Saeed Mian Qaisar^1,2*

¹Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

²LINEACT CESI, Lyon, France

Abstract

One of the significant drawbacks of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, is their intermittent pattern of functioning. One promising method to overcome this limitation is to use a battery pack to enable renewable energy generation to be stored until required. Batteries are known for their high commercial potential, fast response time, modularity, and flexible installation. Therefore, they are a very attractive option for renewable energy storage, peak shaving during intensive grid loads, and a backup system for controlling the voltage drops in the energy grid. The lithium-ion (Li-Ion) is considered one of the most promising battery technologies. It has a high energy density, fair performance-to-cost ratio, and long life compared to its counterparts. With an evolved deployment of Li-Ion batteries, the latest trend is to investigate the opportunities of fast Li-Ion battery charging protocols. The aim is to attain around the 70-80% State of Charge (SoC) within a few minutes. However, fast charging is a challenging approach. The cathode particle monitoring and electrolyte transportation limitations are the major bottlenecks in this regard. Additionally, sophisticated process control mechanisms are necessary to avoid overcharging, which ...