8Tone at the Top, Organizational Culture and Board Effectiveness
Introduction—The Tone at the Top
Many researchers have defined ‘tone at the top’ in a number of different ways. Amernic et al. (2010) documented a number of these definitions. To begin, Cunningham (2005, p. 6) defined it as “the shared set of values that an organisation has emanating from the most senior executives.” It is something that reflects the actions of the executives and can be strengthened with the use of written codes and other policies. Additionally, Sheeder (2005, p. 35) defined it as “the company’s ‘integrity DNA’—the foundation of all that it does [where] ‘integrity’ generally means the possession and consistent adherence to high moral principles ...
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