1.1 Introduction to LLMs1.2 Limitations of LLMs1.2.1 Knowledge cutoff problem1.2.2 Outdated information1.2.3 Pure hallucinations1.2.4 Lack of private information1.3 Overcoming the limitations of LLMs1.3.1 Supervised finetuning1.3.2 Retrieval-augmented generation1.4 Knowledge graphs as the data storage for RAG applications