Fiber Optic Reference Guide, 3rd Edition

Fiber Optic Reference Guide, 3rd Edition

by David Goff
Released March 2002
Publisher(s): Routledge
ISBN: 9781136028175

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Book description

The Fiber Optic Reference Guide offers readers a solid understanding of the principles of fiber optic technology, especially as it relates to telecommunications, from its early days to developing future trends. Using a minimum of jargon and a wealth of illustrations, this book provides the underlying principles of fiber optics as well as essential practical applications. The third edition is updated to include expanded sections on light emitters, semiconductor optical amplifiers, Bragg gratings, and more systems design considerations.

Fiber optics plays a key role in communications, as well as in broadcast and cable systems. Engineers working with fiber optics as well as newcomers to the industry will find the third edition of this reference guide invaluable. It will help the reader develop a solid understanding of the underlying principles of this rapidly changing technology as well as its essential practical applications. The text is thoroughly indexed and illustrated.

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Title Page
  3. Copyright Page
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Foreword
    1. About This Book
    2. Acknowledgments
  6. Chapter 1 A History of Fiber Optic Technology
    1. The Nineteenth Century
      1. Figure 1.1: John Tyndall's Experiment
    2. The Twentieth Century
      1. Figure 1.2: Optical Fiber with Cladding
      2. Figure 1.3: 4 Wavelength Regions of Fiber
      3. Real World Applications
    3. The Twenty-First Century and Beyond
      1. Figure 1.4: Internet Traffic Increases
      2. Figure 1.5: The Growth of Optical Fiber Transmission Capacity
      3. Chapter Summary
      4. Selected References and Additional Reading
  7. Chapter 2 Fiber Optic Fundamentals
    1. The Nature of Light
      1. Interference
        1. Figure 2.1: Constructive Interference
        2. Figure 2.2: Destructive Interference
      2. Polarization
        1. Figure 2.3: Light Waves Showing E and B Vectors
      3. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
        1. Figure 2.4: Electromagnetic Spectrum
    2. Applying Light
    3. Fiber Optic Communications System
      1. Figure 2.5: Elements of a Fiber Optic Link
      2. Figure 2.6: Basic WDM System
      3. Figure 2.7: Four Channel DWDM System
      4. Figure 2.8: Modern DWDM Long-haul Communication System
      5. Figure 2.9: Transmission Schemes
    4. Fiber Optic Components
      1. Figure 2.10: Cross-section of a Fiber
      2. Figure 2.11: Sources and Emission Patterns
    5. Some Useful Terminology
      1. Chapter Summary
      2. Selected References and Additional Reading
  8. Chapter 3 Optical Fiber
    1. Fiber Era's
    2. Manufacture of Optical Fiber
      1. Figure 3.1: Manufacturing Optical Fiber
      2. Figure 3.2: Optical Fiber Draw Process
    3. Principles of Operation
      1. Figure 3.3: Total Internal Reflection
      2. Figure 3.4: Snell's Law
      3. Figure 3.5: Numerical Aperture
      4. Table 3.1: Refractive Indices and Propagation Times
      5. Figure 3.6: Refractive Index of Fused Silica
    4. Multimode Fiber
      1. Multimode Step-index Fiber
        1. Figure 3.7: Total Internal Reflection in Multimode Step-index Fiber
      2. Multimode Graded-index Fiber
        1. Figure 3.8: Multimode Graded-index Fiber
    5. Single-Mode Fiber
      1. Figure 3.9: Single-mode Fiber
      2. Single-mode Fiber Types in the 1990's
        1. Figure 3.10: Dispersion Behavior of Singlemode Fiber Types
        2. Figure 3.11: Dispersion for Alternating 20 km Lengths of (+D) NZ-DSF and (-D) NZ-DSF Fiber
      3. Polarization-maintaining Fiber
        1. Figure 3.12: Cross-section of Polarization-maintaining Fiber
    6. Attenuation
      1. Figure 3.13: Scattering
      2. Figure 3.14: Absorption
      3. Figure 3.15: Bending
      4. Figure 3.16: Optical Loss vs. Wavelength
    7. Fiber RIN
      1. Figure 3.17: Fiber-induced RIN
    8. Multimode Dispersion
    9. Chromatic Dispersion
      1. Figure 3.18: Chromatic Dispersion
      2. Figure 3.19: Single-mode Fiber Bandwidth
      3. Material Dispersion
        1. Figure 3.20: Material Dispersion
      4. Waveguide Dispersion
      5. Profile Dispersion
    10. Polarization Mode Dispersion
      1. Figure 3.21: Pulse Broadening Due to PMD
    11. Dispersion Management
      1. Figure 3.22: DSC Using AWG's
      2. Figure 3.23: Accumulated Chromatic Dispersion Using DSC
      3. Figure 3.24: Accumulated Chromatic Dispersion Without DSC
    12. Fiber Nonlinearities
      1. Figure 3.25: Refractive Index vs. Power
      2. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
        1. Figure 3.26: SBS Threshold Effects
        2. Figure 3.27: SBS Threshold vs. Linewidth
        3. Figure 3.28: Optical Spectrum without Phase Modulation
        4. Figure 3.29: Optical Spectrum with Phase Modulation
      3. Stimulated Raman Scattering
        1. Figure 3.30: Six Channel DWDM Transmitted Optical Spectrum
        2. Figure 3.31: SRS Effect on Six Channel DWDM Transmitted Optical Spectrum
      4. Four Wave Mixing
        1. Figure 3.32: FWM Products for a Three-wavelength System
        2. Figure 3.33: FWM Products vs. Ch. Count
        3. Figure 3.34: FWM Mixing Efficiency in Singlemode Fibers
      5. Self-phase Modulation
        1. Figure 3.35: Effects of SPM on a Pulse
      6. Cross-phase Modulation
      7. Intermodulation (Mixing)
      8. Summary of Fiber Nonlinearities
    13. Selecting Fiber Types
      1. Figure 3.36: Popular Fiber Sizes
      2. Figure 3.37: Comparison of Fiber Types
      3. Table 3.2: Typical Fiber Loss
      4. Table 3.3: Typical Fiber Bandwidth
      5. Table 3.4: Miscellaneous Fiber Parameters
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Selected References and Additional Reading
  9. Chapter 4 Fiber Optic Cables
    1. Fiber Optic Cable Construction
      1. Figure 4.1: Fiber Optic Cable Construction
      2. Figure 4.2: Two Types of Cable Jackets
      3. Table 4.1: Properties of Jacket Material
    2. Types of Fiber Optic Cables
      1. Figure 4.3: Simplex Cable Construction
      2. Figure 4.4: Zipcord Cable Construction
      3. Figure 4.5: Breakout Cable Construction
    3. Fiber Optic Cable vs. Copper Coax Cable
      1. Figure 4.6: Hybrid Cable Construction
      2. Figure 4.7: Copper Coax vs. Optical Fiber
    4. Tensile Strength
      1. Figure 4.8: Mean Tensile Strength of Cable Materials
    5. Specifying Fiber Optic Cables
      1. Figure 4.9: Cable Environments
      2. Figure 4.10: Aerial Cable Installation
      3. Figure 4.11: Submarine Cable Construction
      4. Chapter Summary
      5. Selected References and Additional Reading
  10. Chapter 5 Light Emitters
    1. Theory of Operation
      1. Table 5.1: Bandgap Energy ABCDE Wavelengths of Various Semiconductors
    2. Light Emitter Performance Characteristics
    3. Spectral Characteristics
      1. Figure 5.1: LED Optical Spectra
      2. Figure 5.2: Laser Optical Spectra
    4. Light-Emitting Diodes
      1. Figure 5.3: Typical Packaged LED's
      2. Figure 5.4: Surface-emitting LED
      3. Figure 5.5: Edge-emitting LED
      4. Figure 5.6: LED Behavior vs. Temperature
      5. LED Driver Circuits
        1. Figure 5.7: Optical Output vs. Current in an InGaAsP Light-emitting Diode
        2. Figure 5.8: LED Driver Circuits
        3. Figure 5.9: Response of an LED to a Digital Modulation Signal
    5. Laser Diodes
      1. Figure 5.10: Laser Construction
    6. VCSEL's
      1. Figure 5.11: Basic VCSEL Structure
      2. Figure 5.12: VCSEL Wafer
    7. Chirp
      1. Figure 5.13: Laser Chirp: DFB
      2. Figure 5.14: Wideband FM Modulator
    8. Backreflection
      1. Figure 5.15: Faraday Rotator Isolator
      2. Figure 5.16: Laser Optical Output With No Backreflection
      3. Figure 5.17: Frequency versus Amplitude Response of a Laser
      4. Figure 5.18: Laser Optical Output With Backreflection
    9. Temperature Effects on Lasers
      1. Figure 5.19: Laser Optical Power Output versus Forward Current
    10. Peltier Coolers
      1. Figure 5.20: Cross-section of a Single-stage, Multi-element Peltier Cooler
      2. Figure 5.21: A Peltier Cooler Mounted in a 14-pin Laser Package
    11. High Power and CW Lasers
    12. DWDM Lasers
      1. Table 5.2: Itu DWDM Wavelengths
    13. Microelectromechanical Systems
      1. Figure 5.22: MEMS Device
    14. Tunable Lasers
      1. Figure 5.23: Tunable VCSEL's
      2. Figure 5.24: Tunable Laser
    15. DFB Lasers
    16. Laser Safety
      1. Table 5.3: Laser Safety Classes
      2. Figure 5.25: Typical Laser Warning Labels
    17. Comparison of LED's and Laser Diodes
      1. Table 5.4: Comparison of Light Emitters
    18. Light Emitters as Detectors
      1. Figure 5.26: Ping-pong LED Operation
      2. Chapter Summary
      3. Selected References and Additional Reading
  11. Chapter 6 Light Detectors
    1. Important Detector Parameters
      1. Responsivity
        1. Figure 6.1: Spectral Response of Various Detector Materials
      2. Quantum Efficiency
      3. Capacitance
        1. Figure 6.2: Capacitance vs. Reverse Voltage
    2. Response Time
      1. Dark Current
      2. Edge Effect
        1. Figure 6.3: Edge Effect
      3. Linearity ABCDE Backreflection
        1. Figure 6.4: Low Backreflection Detector Alignment
      4. Noise
    3. PIN Photodiode
      1. Figure 6.5: Low Backreflection Photodiodes
      2. Figure 6.6: Cross-section and Operation of a PIN Photodiode
    4. IDP Detectors
      1. Transimpedance Amplifier
        1. Table 6.1: TIA Characteristics
    5. Avalanche Photodiode
    6. APD-TIA Detectors
    7. Detector Enhancement Techniques
    8. PIN Photodiodes vs. APD's
      1. Table 6.2: PIN Photodiodes vs. APD's
      2. Chapter Summary
      3. Selected References and Additional Reading
  12. Chapter 7 Other Active Devices
    1. Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
      1. Figure 7.1: SOA
    2. Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers
      1. Figure 7.2: Two-stage EDFA with Mid-stage Access
      2. Figure 7.3: Typical Packaged EDFA
      3. Power Amplifier/Booster
        1. Figure 7.4: 3 Applications for an EDFA
      4. In-line Amplifier
      5. Preamplifier
      6. Loss Compensation in Optical Networks
        1. Figure 7.5: Loss Compensation in Optical
      7. Wideband EDFA's
        1. Figure 7.6: Optical Gain Spectrum of a Hybrid Optical Amplifier
        2. Figure 7.7: Wideband EDFA/Raman Amplifiers Achieved by 1998
        3. Figure 7.8: Gain of EDFA plus Raman Optical Amplifier Showing 67 nm Bandwidth
    3. Raman Amplifiers
      1. Figure 7.9: Sample DWDM Transmit Spectrum, Six Wavelengths
      2. Figure 7.10: Received Spectrum After SRS in a Long Fiber
      3. Figure 7.11: Raman Amplifier
      4. Figure 7.12: Raman Amplifier Example — Transmitted Spectrum
      5. Figure 7.13: Raman Amplifier Example — Received Spectrum
    4. External Modulators
      1. Lithium Niobate Amplitude and Phase Modulators
        1. Figure 7.14: Basic Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) Optical Modulator
        2. Figure 7.15: Simple Phase Modulator
        3. Figure 7.16: Single Output Intensity Modulator
        4. Figure 7.17: Dual Output Intensity Modulator
        5. Figure 7.18: Dual Output External Modulator Response
      2. Digital Operation
      3. Analog Operation
    5. Wavelength Converters
      1. Figure 7.19: Wavelength Converter
      2. Wavelength Conversion Technologies
    6. Wavelength Locker
      1. Tunable Filters
        1. Figure 7.20: Packaged Tunable Filter
        2. Figure 7.21: Tunable Filter Airy Function
      2. Chapter Summary
      3. Selected References and Additional Reading
  13. Chapter 8 Interconnection Devices
    1. Table 8.1: Connector Evolution
    2. Optical Connector Basics
      1. Figure 8.1: Parts of a Connector
    3. Types of Fiber Optic Connectors
      1. Table 8.2: Connector Types
    4. Installing Fiber Optic Connectors
      1. Figure 8.2: Fiber End Face Defects
      2. Cleaving
        1. Figure 8.3: A Well-cleaved MM Fiber
      3. Polishing
        1. Figure 8.4: Fiber Polishing Technique
        2. Figure 8.5: Alignment Sleeve
    5. Care of Fiber Optic Connectors
      1. Cleaning Technique
      2. Handling
    6. Splicing
      1. Fusion Splices
        1. Figure 8.6: Typical Fusion Splicer
      2. Mechanical Splices
        1. Figure 8.7: Capillary Splice
    7. Interconnection Losses
      1. Other Concerns
    8. Connector Selection Guide
      1. Table 8.3: Connector Selection Guide
      2. Chapter Summary
      3. Selected References and Additional Reading
  14. Chapter 9 Other Passive Devices
    1. Fiber Optic Couplers
      1. Figure 9.1: Star and Tee Couplers
      2. Table 9.1: Typical Insertion Losses for Modern Single-mode Optical Fibers
      3. Figure 9.2: Tee Network Configurations
    2. WDM
      1. Figure 9.3: Bidirectional WDM Application
      2. Figure 9.4: Bulk Optics WDM
    3. CWDM
      1. Figure 9.5: CWDM Passband Characteristics for an 8 Channel Device
    4. DWDM
      1. Figure 9.6: 0.4 nm Channel Spacing DWDM FBG's
      2. Red and Blue Bands
    5. Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG)
      1. Figure 9.7: Cross-section of a PLC
      2. Figure 9.8: Operation of an AWG
    6. Fused Fiber Couplers
      1. Figure 9.9: Fused Fiber Coupler
      2. Figure 9.10: Optical Characteristics of a Fused Fiber WDM
    7. Fiber Optic Switches
      1. Figure 9.11: Typical Switch Configurations
      2. Opto-mechanical Switches
        1. Figure 9.12: FDDI Optical Switch
      3. Thermo-optic Switches
      4. Electro-optic Switches
    8. Circulators
      1. Figure 9.13: Circulator
    9. Bragg Gratings
      1. Figure 9.14: Bragg Gratings
      2. Figure 9.15: Fiber Bragg Grating Used to Compensate for Chromatic Dispersion
      3. Figure 9.16: High-performance DWDM System Using Fiber Bragg Gratings
    10. Etalon
      1. Figure 9.17: FP Etalon in a Laser Cavity
      2. Chapter Summary
      3. Selected References and Additional Reading
  15. Chapter 10 System Design Considerations
    1. System Design Factors
      1. Table 10.1: Evaluating System Design
    2. Optical Link Loss Budget
      1. Figure 10.1: Optical Link Loss Budget
      2. Table 10.2: Decibel to Power Conversion
      3. Table 10.3: Typical dBm Values
    3. Rise-Time Budget
      1. Table 10.4: Rise-time Analysis
    4. Sensitivity Analysis
      1. Figure 10.2: Eye Diagrams
    5. Signal-to-Noise Ratio
      1. Figure 10.3: BER Dependence on SNR
    6. Modulation Schemes
      1. Figure 10.4: Modulation Schemes
      2. Amplitude Modulation (AM)
        1. Figure 10.5: Typical AM System
      3. Frequency Modulation (FM)
        1. Figure 10.6: Typical FM System Response
      4. Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM)
        1. Table 10.5: Digital System Operation
    7. Analog Versus Digital
      1. Digital Basics
        1. Figure 10.7: Analog and Digital Signals
        2. Figure 10.8: Typical Pulse Train
        3. Figure 10.9: Parts of a Pulse
    8. Dispersion
      1. Dispersion Power Penalty
        1. Figure 10.10: MLM Laser Spectral Width
        2. Figure 10.11: SLM Laser Spectral Width
        3. Figure 10.12: Dispersion with a Normal DFB Laser
        4. Figure 10.13: Dispersion with a Narrow DFB Laser
        5. Figure 10.14: Dispersion with an FP Laser
    9. Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
      1. Figure 10.15: OSNR Through a Long Chain of EDFA's and Fiber Lengths
      2. Q-Factor
        1. Figure 10.16: Determining Q-Factor
    10. Optical Regenerators
      1. Figure 10.17: Optical Regenerators
    11. Cost/Performance Considerations
      1. Chapter Summary
      2. Selected References and Additional Reading
  16. Chapter 11 Fiber Optic Applications
    1. Broadcast
      1. Digital Video
        1. Figure 11.1: Serial Digital Component Video Fiber Optic Links
    2. Broadband CATV Transport
      1. Figure 11.2: CATV Video Distribution
    3. Telecommunications
      1. Fiber-to-the-home and Fiber-to-the-curb
        1. Figure 11.3: Fiber-to-the-curb and Fiber-to-the-home System
    4. High-Resolution Imaging
      1. Table 11.1: RGB Bandwidth and Screen Resolution
    5. Distance Learning (Tele-Classrooms)
      1. Figure 11.4: Distance Learning and Teleconferencing
    6. Eleconferencing
    7. Data Communications
      1. Computers
      2. Local Area Networks
      3. Network Automatic Protection Switching
        1. Figure 11.5: SONET Protection Strategy
    8. Control Systems and Instrumentation
      1. Control Systems
      2. Instrumentation
    9. Military
      1. Figure 11.6: HAWK Missile Fiber Optic Converter Set
    10. Security and Surveillance
      1. Figure 11.7: Typical Video/2-Way Data Link for Security and Surveillance Applications
      2. Chapter Summary
      3. Selected References and Additional Reading
  17. Chapter 12 Video Over Fiber
    1. Methods of Encoding Video Signals
      1. Table 12.1: Comparison of AM, FM and Digital Encoding
    2. Video Quality Parameters
    3. Advantages of FM
    4. Disadvantages of FM
      1. Figure 12.1: FM Video Link
    5. FM Video Link Performance
      1. Figure 12.2: SNR versus Fiber Length
      2. Figure 12.3: FM Video vs. AM Video
    6. Digital Video
      1. Figure 12.4: Optical Tx Multiplexing ABCDE Sending 16 Video Signals
      2. Figure 12.5: Optical Rx Receiving ABCDE Demultiplexing 16 Video Signals
      3. Table 12.2: Digital Video Formats
    7. Serial Data Transmission Formats and Standards
      1. Table 12.3: Signal Levels and Specifications for SMPTE 259M, 292M and 310M
    8. CATV Transmission
      1. Figure 12.6: CATV Headend Diagram
      2. Chapter Summary
      3. Selected References and Additional Reading
  18. Chapter 13 Data Over Fiber
    1. Digital Data Transmission
    2. Data Coding
      1. Table 13.1: 3B6B Coding Scheme
    3. Data Interface Characteristics
      1. Table 13.2: Data Interface Characteristics
    4. Key Data Link Attributes
      1. Table 13.3: Relationship Between SNR Optical and BER
      2. Figure 13.1: Typical Eye Diagram
      3. Figure 13.2: BER Contours of a Typical Eye Diagram
      4. Table 13.4: Conversion for Root Mean Square Jitter to Peak-to- Peak Jitter
      5. Figure 13.3: Jitter Buildup
    5. Distortion in Fiber Optic Data Links
      1. Figure 13.4: Fiber Optic Receiver — Noise to Jitter Conversion
      2. Figure 13.5: Jitter vs. Optical Loss
      3. Figure 13.6: Frequency Spectrum of a Pseudorandom NRZ Data Stream
    6. Common Transmission Standards
      1. Figure 13.7: Communication Standards
    7. High-Speed Data Transmission
      1. Figure 13.8: Ethernet Applications for LAN, WAN and SAN
      2. Figure 13.9: Multi-protocol High-speed Data Link
    8. FDDI
      1. Figure 13.10: FDDI Dual Ring Topology
    9. Fibre Channel
    10. OC-192
    11. OC-768/OC-3072
    12. Convergence
      1. Figure 13.11: Convergence of 10 Gb/s Data Transmission Over Time
      2. Chapter Summary
      3. Selected References and Additional Reading
  19. Chapter 14 Pushing Fiber to the Limits
    1. Trends
      1. Figure 14.1: Potential System Capacity
    2. Limits to Fiber's Growth
    3. Spectral Efficiency
    4. Forward Error Correction
      1. The Hamming Code
        1. Figure 14.2: Effect of an FEC Algorithm on System BER
    5. 1R/2R/3R Regeneration
      1. Figure 14.3: 1R/2R/3R Regeneration
    6. Solitons, RZ, and NRZ Transmission
      1. Figure 14.4: Typical Soliton Pulse
      2. Figure 14.5: NRZ Data Format for 8-Bit Data Sequence (10011101) starting at time “1” and ending at time “9”
      3. Figure 14.6: RZ Data Format for 8-Bit Data Sequence (10011101) starting at time “1” and ending at time “9”
      4. Dispersion Managed Soliton Transmission
    7. PMD Compensation
      1. Figure 14.7: PMD-limited Distance of OC-48, OC-192 and OC-768
      2. Figure 14.8: Overcoming Chromatic Dispersion and PMD
    8. Ultra Long-Haul Telecommunications
      1. Figure 14.9: TDM versus DWDM Fiber Transmission Capacity
      2. Long-Haul, OC-192, Multichannel DWDM Transmission
    9. The Recirculating Loop
      1. Figure 14.10: Recirculating Loop Setup
      2. Chapter Summary
      3. Selected References and Additional Reading
  20. Chapter 15 Testing ABCDE Measurement Techniques
    1. Fiber Optic Test Equipment
      1. Figure 15.1: OTDR
      2. Table 15.1: OTDR Settings
      3. Figure 15.2: Fiber Optic Attenuator
    2. Component Measurement Techniques
      1. Fiber Measurements
        1. Figure 15.3: EMD — Excitation of Graded-index Fiber
        2. Figure 15.4: Cable Testing
      2. Light Source Measurements
      3. Light Detector Measurements
      4. Interconnection Loss Measurements
        1. Figure 15.5: NA Mismatch Loss
        2. Figure 15.6: Core-diameter Mismatch Loss 192
        3. Figure 15.7: Concentricity and Ellipticity
        4. Figure 15.8: Fiber End Face Finishes
      5. Systems Measurements
      6. Chapter Summary
      7. Selected References and Additional Reading
  21. Chapter 16 Future Trends
    1. Increased Fiber Transparency
      1. Figure 16.1: 5 Windows in Fiber
    2. All-Optical Networks
    3. Multi-Terabit Transmission
    4. Competing Technologies
    5. Expansion into Mass Markets
      1. DWDM and the Internet Demand
        1. Figure 16.2: Capacity of Fiber Over Time
      2. HDTV and Digital Video
        1. Figure 16.3: Studio-to-Transmitter Link
      3. Smart Highways
        1. Figure 16.4: Variable Message Sign Typical in Smart Highway Systems
      4. State-of-the-Art Telecommunication Networks
    6. Cost Reduction
    7. Miniaturization
      1. Figure 16.5: Miniaturization in Data Links
    8. New Materials
    9. Technology Refinements
    10. New Technology
      1. Figure 16.6: Coherent Transmission
      2. Chapter Summary
      3. Selected References and Additional Reading
  22. Appendix A General Reference Material
    1. Concerning Numbers
      1. Table A.1: Names and Symbols for Metric Prefixes
    2. Constants
    3. Conversion Factors
      1. Table A.2: Conversion Factors
  23. Appendix B Glossary of Terms
  24. Appendix C Fiber Optic Symbols
    1. National Cable Television Association Symbols
    2. Military Symbols
  25. Appendix D Industrial, Telcordia ABCDE ITU Standards
    1. Industrial Standards
    2. Telcordia Standards
    3. ITU Standards
  26. Appendix E Societies, Conference Sponsors ABCDE Trade Magazines
    1. Societies ABCDE Conference Sponsors
    2. Fiber Optic ABCDE Related Trade Magazines
  27. Index

Product information

  • Title: Fiber Optic Reference Guide, 3rd Edition
  • Author(s): David Goff
  • Release date: March 2002
  • Publisher(s): Routledge
  • ISBN: 9781136028175