Illustration of land-vehicular fog computing cellular base stations made accessible via Long-Term Evolution, SigFox, NB-IoT, etc.

Figure 1.1 Land-vehicular fog computing examples.

Illustration of user equipment-based fog computing examples used by smartphone devices that are connecting to an Internet Service Provider (ISP)’s network.

Figure 1.4 UE fog computing examples.

An overview of edge computing architecture classified into three distinct layers - the sensor layer, the edge layer, and the cloud layer - further divided into  the front-end, near-end, and far-end.

Figure 2.2 An overview of edge computing architecture [16].

Illustration of fog software architecture consisting of heterogeneous physical resources, fog abstraction layer, and fog service orchestration layer.

Figure 2.4 Fog computing architecture [10].

Illustration of fog computing system with nodes used for connection and working of this system that work locally on the data, sending it to the server or cloud computing servers.

Figure 5.1 Fog computing enabled smart cities.

A generic fog enabled IoT environment with security, privacy and accountability of service providers for the  implementation and integration of smart devices.

Figure 5.2 A generic fog enabled IoT environment.

Cloud-fog-IoT architecture positioning the IoT, cloud, and fog computing layers. Fog interacts with the other layers through interfaces with different communication specifications.

Figure 6.1 Cloud-fog-IoT architecture.

Continuum Computing Research Areas: A pictorial depiction of the computer science areas that require research to successfully program the computing continuum. To address science-driven problems, we need an abstract programming model with goal-oriented annotations, along with a run-time system and an execution model.

Figure 7.2 Continuum Computing Research Areas: A pictorial depiction of the computer science areas that require research to successfully program the computing continuum. To address problems, such as the sciences examples given in Table 1.4, using existing resources and services, we need an abstract programming model with goal-oriented ...

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