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Foundations of Python Network Programming: The comprehensive guide to building network applications with Python, Second Edition

Name: Foundations of Python Network Programming: The comprehensive guide to building network applications with Python, Second Edition
ISBN: 9781430230038

by Brandon Rhodes, John Goerzen

December 2010

Intermediate to advanced

365 pages

12h 18m

English

Apress

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Copyright
About the Authors
About the Technical Reviewer
Acknowledgements
Introduction
AssumptionsNetworkingOrganizationProgram ListingsYour Comments
1. Introduction to Client/Server Networking
1.1. The Building Blocks: Stacks and Libraries1.2. Application Layers1.3. Speaking a Protocol1.4. A Raw Network Conversation1.5. Turtles All the Way Down1.6. The Internet Protocol1.7. IP Addresses1.8. Routing1.9. Packet Fragmentation1.10. Learning More About IP
2. UDP
2.1. Should You Read This Chapter?2.2. Addresses and Port Numbers2.3. Port Number Ranges2.4. Sockets2.5. Unreliability, Backoff, Blocking, Timeouts2.6. Connecting UDP Sockets2.7. Request IDs: A Good Idea2.8. Binding to Interfaces2.9. UDP Fragmentation2.10. Socket Options2.11. Broadcast2.12. When to Use UDP2.13. Summary
3. TCP
3.1. How TCP Works3.2. When to Use TCP3.3. What TCP Sockets Mean3.4. A Simple TCP Client and Server3.5. One Socket per Conversation3.6. Address Already in Use3.7. Binding to Interfaces3.8. Deadlock3.9. Closed Connections, Half-Open Connections3.10. Using TCP Streams like Files3.11. Summary
4. Socket Names and DNS
4.1. Hostnames and Domain Names4.2. Socket Names4.3. Five Socket Coordinates4.4. IPv64.5. Modern Address Resolution4.6. Asking getaddrinfo() Where to Bind4.7. Asking getaddrinfo() About Services4.8. Asking getaddrinfo() for Pretty Hostnames4.9. Other getaddrinfo() Flags4.10. Primitive Name Service Routines4.11. Using getsockaddr() in Your Own Code4.12. Better Living Through Paranoia4.13. A Sketch of How DNS Works4.14. Why Not to Use DNS4.15. Why to Use DNS4.16. Resolving Mail Domains4.17. Zeroconf and Dynamic DNS4.18. Summary
5. Network Data and Network Errors
5.1. Text and Encodings5.2. Network Byte Order5.3. Framing and Quoting5.4. Pickles and Self-Delimiting Formats5.5. XML, JSON, Etc.5.6. Compression5.7. Network Exceptions5.8. Handling Exceptions5.9. Summary

6. TLS and SSL
6.1. Computer Security6.2. IP Access Rules6.3. Cleartext on the Network6.4. TLS Encrypts Your Conversations6.5. TLS Verifies Identities6.6. Supporting TLS in Python6.7. The Standard SSL Module6.8. Loose Ends6.9. Summary
7. Server Architecture
7.1. Daemons and Logging7.2. Our Example: Sir Launcelot7.3. An Elementary Client7.4. The Waiting Game7.5. Running a Benchmark7.6. Event-Driven Servers7.7. Poll vs. Select7.8. The Semantics of Non-blocking7.9. Event-Driven Servers Are Blocking and Synchronous7.10. Twisted Python7.11. Load Balancing and Proxies7.12. Threading and Multi-processing7.13. Threading and Multi-processing Frameworks7.14. Process and Thread Coordination7.15. Running Inside inetd7.16. Summary
8. Caches, Message Queues, and Map-Reduce
8.1. Using Memcached8.2. Memcached and Sharding8.3. Message Queues8.4. Using Message Queues from Python8.5. How Message Queues Change Programming8.6. Map-Reduce8.7. Summary
9. HTTP
9.1. URL Anatomy9.2. Relative URLs9.3. Instrumenting urllib29.4. The GET Method9.5. The Host Header9.6. Codes, Errors, and Redirection9.7. Payloads and Persistent Connections9.8. POST And Forms9.9. Successful Form POSTs Should Always Redirect9.10. POST And APIs9.11. REST And More HTTP Methods9.12. Identifying User Agents and Web Servers9.13. Content Type Negotiation9.14. Compression9.15. HTTP Caching9.16. The HEAD Method9.17. HTTPS Encryption9.18. HTTP Authentication9.19. Cookies9.20. HTTP Session Hijacking9.21. Cross-Site Scripting Attacks9.22. WebOb9.23. Summary
10. Screen Scraping
10.1. Fetching Web Pages10.2. Downloading Pages Through Form Submission10.3. The Structure of Web Pages10.4. Three Axes10.5. Diving into an HTML Document10.6. Selectors10.7. Summary
11. Web Applications
11.1. Web Servers and Python11.2. Two Tiers11.3. Choosing a Web Server11.4. WSGI11.5. WSGI Middleware11.6. Python Web Frameworks11.7. URL Dispatch Techniques11.8. Templates11.9. Final Considerations11.10. Pure-Python Web Servers11.11. CGI11.12. mod_python11.13. Summary
12. E-mail Composition and Decoding
12.1. E-mail Messages12.2. Composing Traditional Messages12.3. Parsing Traditional Messages12.4. Parsing Dates12.5. Understanding MIME12.6. How MIME Works12.7. Composing MIME Attachments12.8. MIME Alternative Parts12.9. Composing Non-English Headers12.10. Composing Nested Multiparts12.11. Parsing MIME Messages12.12. Decoding Headers12.13. Summary
13. SMTP
13.1. E-mail Clients, Webmail Services13.1.1. In the Beginning Was the Command Line13.1.2. The Rise of Clients13.1.3. The Move to Webmail13.2. How SMTP Is Used13.3. Sending E-Mail13.4. Headers and the Envelope Recipient13.5. Multiple Hops13.6. Introducing the SMTP Library13.7. Error Handling and Conversation Debugging13.8. Getting Information from EHLO13.9. Using Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security13.10. Authenticated SMTP13.11. SMTP Tips13.12. Summary
14. POP
14.1. Compatibility Between POP Servers14.2. Connecting and Authenticating14.3. Obtaining Mailbox Information14.4. Downloading and Deleting Messages14.5. Summary
15. IMAP
15.1. Understanding IMAP in Python15.2. IMAPClient15.3. Examining Folders15.4. Message Numbers vs. UIDs15.5. Message Ranges15.6. Summary Information15.7. Downloading an Entire Mailbox15.8. Downloading Messages Individually15.9. Flagging and Deleting Messages15.10. Deleting Messages15.11. Searching15.12. Manipulating Folders and Messages15.13. Asynchrony15.14. Summary
16. Telnet and SSH
16.1. Command-Line Automation16.2. Command-Line Expansion and Quoting16.3. Unix Has No Special Characters16.4. Quoting Characters for Protection16.5. The Terrible Windows Command Line16.6. Things Are Different in a Terminal16.7. Terminals Do Buffering16.8. Telnet16.9. SSH: The Secure Shell16.10. An Overview of SSH16.11. SSH Host Keys16.12. SSH Authentication16.13. Shell Sessions and Individual Commands16.14. SFTP: File Transfer Over SSH16.15. Other Features16.16. Summary
17. FTP
17.1. What to Use Instead of FTP17.2. Communication Channels17.3. Using FTP in Python17.4. ASCII and Binary Files17.5. Advanced Binary Downloading17.6. Uploading Data17.7. Advanced Binary Uploading17.8. Handling Errors17.9. Detecting Directories and Recursive Download17.10. Creating Directories, Deleting Things17.11. Doing FTP Securely17.12. Summary
18. RPC
18.1. Features of RPC18.2. XML-RPC18.3. JSON-RPC18.4. Self-documenting Data18.5. Talking About Objects: Pyro and RPyC18.6. An RPyC Example18.7. RPC, Web Frameworks, Message Queues18.8. Recovering From Network Errors18.9. Binary Options: Thrift and Protocol Buffers18.10. Summary

Overview

This book gives you everything you need to know about network programming using Python 3, the latest version of the Python language. It will benefit both scripters and serious application developers who want a feature-rich, yet simple language. Fully updated, this second edition includes all the new developments in network programming such as WSGI, FastCGI, and asynchronous communication.

Foundations of Python 3 Network Programming, Second Edition explains multitasking network servers using several models, including forking, threading, and non-blocking sockets. Extensive examples throughout the book demonstrate important concepts and practices, and provide a cadre of fully-functioning stand alone programs. Readers may even use the examples included as building blocks to create their own software.

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