From Additive Manufacturing to 3D/4D Printing 1

2Integration of Additive Manufacturing Technologies into Society

“Scientifically organizing humanity is the final word of modern science, it is its audacious, but legitimate pretention”. [REN 14]

“The behavior of the project based on iteration. Unlike the classic process where a project’s phases are chained together, one after the other (framing, conception, realization, etc.) in a linear way, ‘Design Thinking’ proposes a rather experimental method based on comings-and-goings and a more contorted progression. One of the great originalities of this method is the use of prototypes as tools”. [MAR 17]

“Society is in any case divided between leaders and followers, obeyers and commanders, the governed and the governing”. [MIC 09]

“The emerging potential for using 3D printing is illuminating some of the inefficiencies in mass production: the stockpiling of components and parts, the large amount of working capital required for such stockpiling, profligate waste of materials, and of course the expense of employing large numbers of people… It continues and accelerates a longer-term trend towards de-dematerialization of manufacturing goods – a trend that has already kept the total tonnage of global goods constant over the past half century, even as their value has increased more than three-fold”. (Al Gore, The Future [GOR 13a], quoted by Taylor [TAY 14])

“Little by little […], we are getting so used to living with an electronic wave that it seems to disappear, until a crisis breaks ...