April 2012
Intermediate to advanced
454 pages
15h 32m
English
Content preview from Functionalization of Semiconductor SurfacesBecome an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
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CHAPTER 8
Dative Bonding of Organic Molecules
YOUNG HWAN MIN, HANGIL LEE, DO HWAN KIM, AND SEHUN KIM
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.1.1 What is Dative Bonding?
A dative bond is a coordinate covalent bond between atoms such that both bonding electrons are contributed by only one of the atoms involved in the bond. In other words, dative bonding occurs when one atom donates an electron pair and the other atom accepts the electron pair, and the atoms share the electrons equally. This bonding mode is distinct from ionic bonding modes. The donating atom is called a Lewis base (an electron pair donor) and the accepting atom is called a Lewis acid (an electron pair acceptor). Formation of a dative bond is, therefore, a Lewis acid/Lewis base reaction or a nucleophilic/electrophilic reaction. One of the most well-known examples of dative bonding is the bond between ammonia (NH3) and boron trifluoride (BF3). The boron of BF3 has only six valence electrons and requires two more electrons to satisfy the octet rule. Due to this deficiency, BF3 can act as a Lewis acid that accepts lone pair electrons. NH3, on the other hand, can act as a Lewis base by donating its two lone pair electrons. Thus, NH3 donates its two lone pair electrons to BF3 to create a dative bond, NH3:BF3.
Interestingly, dative bonding occurs between Lewis bases (or Lewis acids) and reconstructed semiconductor surfaces such as Si(100)-(2×1), Ge(100)-(2×1), and Si(111)-(7×7). Semiconductor surfaces are prepared by cleavage and are reconstructed ...
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