Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks

11Green Flexible RF for 5G

Abubakar S. Hussaini,^1,2,3 Yasir I. Abdulraheem,^2,4 Konstantinos N. Voudouris,⁵ Buhari A. Mohammed^,2 Raed A. Abd-Alhameed,² Husham J. Mohammed,^2,4 Issa Elfergani,¹ Abdulkareem S. Abdullah,⁴ Dimitrios Makris,⁵ Jonathan Rodriguez,¹ James M. Noras,² Charles Nche³ and Mathias Fonkam³

¹ Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal

² Mobile and Satellite Communications Research Centre, School of Engineering and Informatics University of Bradford, Bradford, UK

³ American University of Nigeria, YolaAdamawa State, Nigeria

⁴ College of Engineering, Basrah University, Iraq

⁵ Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Greece

11.1 Introduction

What a 5G phone will look like is highly debateable, as is whether it will be termed a handset or just a mobile device, or even something else entirely! The term will doubtless be coined by the marketeers according to whatever is deemed fashionable in the years to come. However, it is apparent that today’s handsets are more than just phones, but are increasingly evolving towards an intelligent micro social eco-system that is having a profound impact on our daily lives. Heading down this avenue will clearly pose stringent design requirements on handsets for future 5G scenarios. The end user will clearly require ubiquitous access at any time, at any place and on any device. If any of these axioms are unfulfilled, then the uptake of any future 5G services will be affected. This would be reminiscent of the days of 3G, ...