Appendix A: The Essentials of Matrix Analysis
A matrix is a rectangular collection of numbers. If there are n rows and m columns, we write the matrix as An × m, and the numbers of the matrix are aij, where i gives the row number and j gives the column number. These are also called the dimensions of the matrix. We compactly write In rectangular form
If n = m, we say that the matrix is square. The square matrix in which there are all 1s along the diagonal and 0s everywhere else is called the identity matrix:
Here are some facts about algebra with matrices:
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