In the previous chapter, we discussed algorithm complexity and presented examples with and without the use of concurrency.
In this chapter, we show how object-oriented programming can be done without the class construct. We review the fundamental concept of abstract data types and illustrate their use with many examples.
3.1 Abstract Data Type Using Classes
In 1980, the Smalltalk language, developed at Xerox PARC, was released. This seminal language set the stage for a ...