Genetics and Genomics

Digital illustration of a chromosome in digital background.

[SOURCE: SHUTTERSTOCK).

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STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION AND SPECIAL TYPES OF CHROMOSOMES

CONCEPT OUTLINE

Discovery of Chromosomes

Structural Organization of Chromosomes

■ Chromosome can be circular or linear

■ Characteristic chromosome number

■ Size and shape

■ Primary constriction, centromere and kinetochore

■ Chromomeres, satellites and secondary constriction

■ Telomeres

Euchromatin and Heterochromatin

■ Constitutive and facultative heterochromatin

Folded Fibre Hypothesis

Karyotype

■ Culture of chromosomes

■ Giant chromosomes

■ Polytene chromosomes

■ Lampbrush chromosome

Chromosomes, ...