4
Errors in Transmission
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
- Overview of Chromosome Morphology
- Structural Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Numerical Chromosomal Abnormalities
OVERVIEW OF CHROMOSOME MORPHOLOGY
Anatomically, each functional chromosome has a centromere, where spindle fibers attach, and two telomeres that stabilize the chromosome. Chromosomes are classified into four basic types (based on the position of the centromere):
- Metacentric: The centromere is located approximately in the middle, and so the chromosome has two arms of equal length.
- Sub metacentric: The centromere is displaced toward one end, creating a long arm and a short arm.
- Acrocentric: The centromere is near one end, producing a long arm and a knob, or satellite, at the other.
- Telocentric: ...
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