Genome Engineering for Crop Improvement

1An Overview of Genome‐Engineering Methods

Sushmita^1,3#, Gurminder Kaur^2#, Santosh Kumar Upadhyay⁴, and Praveen Chandra Verma^1,3

¹ Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR‐NBRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

² Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India

³ Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

⁴ Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

CHAPTER MENU

• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 ZFNs
• 1.3 TALENs
• 1.4 CRISPR‐Cas System
• 1.5 CRISPR‐Cpf1
• 1.6 Conclusions

1.1 Introduction

Agricultural practices, combined with advanced plant breeding and modern technologies, provided food security to millions of people. However, increasing global population demands significant increase in world food production (Parry and Hawkesford 2012). Nevertheless, climate change, depletion of natural resources, increased pollution, and political instabilities are a threat to the food and nutritional security for future generations in the twenty‐first century. Unfortunately, the amount of remaining arable land is limited, necessitating an increase in food production on currently‐used land. Compounding these challenges are the predicted crop losses due to extreme temperatures, pest attacks, and pathogen outbreaks. A powerful approach that may help overcome these challenges is to modify DNA sequences ...