Genome Engineering for Crop Improvement

6CRISPR‐Cas9 System for Agriculture Crop Improvement

Ashish Sharma^1,2, Poorwa Kamal Badola^1,2, and Prabodh Kumar Trivedi^1,2,3

¹ CSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR‐NBRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

² Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

³ CSIR‐Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR‐CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

CHAPTER MENU

• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Genome Engineering
• 6.3 Tools for Genome Engineering
  • 6.3.1 Meganucleases
  • 6.3.2 Zinc‐Finger Nuclease (ZFN)
  • 6.3.3 Transcription Activator̼like Effector Nucleases (TALENs)
  • 6.3.4 CRISPR
    • 6.3.4.1 The History of CRISPR/Cas System
• 6.4 CRISPR/Cas Beyond Genome Editing
  • 6.4.1 CRISPR/Cas9 System for Multiple Gene Editing
  • 6.4.2 CRISPR/Cas9 as Transcriptional Modulation
  • 6.4.3 CRISPR/Cas9 as a Visualization Tool
  • 6.4.4 CRISPR/Cas9 as an Epigenetic Regulator
• 6.5 CRISPR/Cas and Crop Improvement
• 6.6 Application of Genome Engineering Tools in Metabolic Engineering
• 6.7 Future Prospective

6.1 Introduction

Efficient genome‐editing technologies are crucial for improving and enhancing the crop production to meet the never‐ending challenges of producing sufficient and nutritious food for an exponentially increasing world population (Belhar et al. 2013). Extreme weather and climate change also affect agricultural productivity and yield worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure future food security and to ...