Genome Engineering for Crop Improvement

7Contribution of Crop Biofortification in Mitigating Vitamin Deficiency Globally

Siddhant Chaturvedi^1,2, Roni Chaudhary¹, and Siddharth Tiwari¹

¹ National Agri‐Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India), Mohali, Punjab, India

² Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

CHAPTER MENU

• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Effect of Vitamins on Human Health and Their Sources
  • 7.2.1 Vitamin A (Retinol)
  • 7.2.2 Vitamin D (Calciferol)
  • 7.2.3 Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
  • 7.2.4 Vitamin K (Phylloquinone and Menaquinone)
  • 7.2.5 Vitamin B Complex
  • 7.2.6 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
• 7.3 Plan Biofortification to Overcome Vitamin Deficiency
  • 7.3.1 Biofortification Through Breeding
    • 7.3.1.1 Food Crop Biofortification by Breeding
  • 7.3.2 Biofortification Through Genetic Engineering
    • 7.3.2.1 Transgenic Rice (Oryza sativa)
    • 7.3.2.2 Transgenic Maize (Zea mays)
    • 7.3.2.3 Transgenic Wheat (Triticum aesitivum)
    • 7.3.2.4 Transgenic Soybean (Glycine max)
    • 7.3.2.5 Transgenic Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
• 7.4 Conclusion

7.1 Introduction

Vitamins are the group of highly complex organic compounds those which are usually synthesized by plants and microorganisms (Uribe et al. 2017). Vitamins are required in trace amounts for normal metabolism, growth, and development, and their inadequate uptake causes various disorders (Albahrani and Greaves 2016). Vitamin was discovered by the Funk while working on polished rice (Uribe et al. ...