1Introduction: The Puzzles of the Carter Doctrine

The unrivalled strategic value of the Middle East to the US is at present indisputable. Over the last two decades, the US has been involved in multiple wars and military operations in the region.1 The 2010 National Security Strategy (The White House, 2010: 45) reiterates, “We have an array of enduring interests, longstanding commitments and new opportunities for broadening and deepening relationships in the greater Middle East.” Moreover, the commitment to a continued US involvement in the Middle East has recently been reaffirmed in the document on strategic guidance for defense Department of Defense: Sustaining Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense (Department of Defense, 2012). ...

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