APPENDIX D
Elements of Thermodynamics
“Die Energie der Welt ist constant. Die Entropie der Welt strebt einem Maximum zu.”
Rudolf J. Clausius, on the First and Second Laws of thermodynamics – 1865
D.1 Purpose
This appendix is intended to give the reader a thumbnail sketch of the elements of thermodynamics, sufficient to allow an understanding of the concepts used in Parts 2 and 3 of the book. It cannot replace a proper exposition of the subject, which normally takes several semesters of study in an engineering curriculum.
D.2 Systems and properties
A thermodynamic system is a well-defined region of space, within which resides the focus of one’s attention, e.g., a turbine, heat exchanger, flash vessel, etc. A system can be: (1) closed (no mass ...
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