CHAPTER 16

Innovation and Research

The Shifting Landscape of Global Innovation

The global investment in research and development has been rising fast across the world and has reached $1 trillion in 2015. The Group of Seven (G7) consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States accounts for more than $615 billion of this investment in research and development. The United States with $325 billion and Japan with $123 billion are still front-runners in all areas of innovation investment [1]. Nevertheless, consistent with other changes on the world stage, the landscape of global innovation is rapidly undergoing significant transformations. The shares of the United States and Japan in the global research ...

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