We'll start with the notion of conditional probability. To set a scene, we'll consider several fruit types:
- Apple
- Avocado
- Banana
- Pineapple
- Nectarine
- Mango
- Strawberry
For each fruit type, we will have several instances of those fruits—so we could have a green Granny Smith and a red Red Delicious in the class of apples. Likewise, we could have ripe and unripe fruits—mangoes and bananas could be yellow (ripe) or green (unripe), for example. Lastly, we can also classify these fruits by what kind of fruit it is—tropical (avocado, banana, pineapple, and mango) versus non-tropical fruits:
|
Fruit |
Can be green |
Can be yellow |
Can be red |
Is tropical |
|
Apple |
yes |
no |
yes |
no |
|
Avocado |
yes |
no |
no |
