GPS Satellite Surveying, 4th Edition

Chapter 5Satellite Systems

The satellite motions are introduced by means of normal orbits and the Kepler laws. It follows a summary on the major orbital perturbation of these simple mathematical motions. The first satellite system presented is the global positioning system (GPS). We briefly review the status of the signal transmissions as of the year 2014, including signal structure and navigation message. A section on the modernization of GPS starts with a brief exposure to binary offset carrier modulation, followed by remarks on the new codes L2C, L5, M, and L1C. The GLONASS system is discussed next with emphasis on the broadcast navigation message and brief remarks on GLONASS modernization. The other forthcoming systems, the European Galileo, the Japanese QZSS, and the Chinese Beidou are highlighted next. The details on each satellite system are available in various documents provided by the respective authorities on the Internet. Consider the following references: SPS (2008), IS-GPS-200G (2012), IS-GPS-705C (2012), IS-GPS-800C (2012), GLONASS (2008), Galileo (2010), QZSS (2013), and Beidou (2013).

We do not address signal processing that takes place inside the receiver. The interested reader is referred to specialized texts such as Kaplan (1996), Parkinson et al. (1996), Tsui (2005), Misra and Enge (2006), and Borre et al. (2007).

5.1 Motion of Satellites

The orbital motion of a satellite is a result of the earth's gravitational attraction, as well as a number of other ...